Yale/'s Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategy
Yale’s Greenhouse Gas
Reduction Strategy
…creating a sustainable future
August 2008
Yale’s Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategy 2005–2020
YALE UNIVERSITY has a long tradition of leadership in the con- In an effort to achieve the near term greenhouse gas reduction
sequential societal issues facing each generation. In keeping goal, Yale developed an annual plan to: improve efficiency
with this tradition Yale University is committed to developing in existing buildings, establish sustainable standards for new
and implementing best practices for a sustainable campus. A construction and large renovations, increase the efficiency of
primary component of Yale’s commitment to becoming a leader on-campus energy production and distribution and introduce
in campus sustainability has been the establishment of a green- renewable energy projects. Yale’s responsive and continu-
house gas reduction goal. In 2005 Yale University committed to ally evolving greenhouse gas reduction strategy has led to a
a greenhouse gas reduction target of 10% below 1990 levels 7% reduction in campus emissions despite a 3.2% increase
by 2020 – a 43% reduction from 2005 levels.
in campus size. With plans to continue to expand the current
13.5M gross square foot campus 15% by 2020, the Univer-
Yale’s commitment to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions has sity’s greenhouse gas reduction goal is a dynamic challenge
guided the development of an aggressive and informed response that will drive on-going change and innovation.
to perhaps the most challenging issue facing our world today:
global warming. The challenge facing Yale is the same as the The University’s greenhouse gas reduction strategies
challenge facing the industrialized world: to drastically reduce are ambitious and impact all parts of the Yale Campus.
emissions while also planning for future growth. We hope that Meeting our goal will require the active participation of
by openly sharing our continued efforts, including our goal, all of Yale’s community, faculty, students and staff. Current
lessons learned, strategies and results, Yale’s action will lead information regarding Yale’s progress can be found at:
to similar commitments to greenhouse gas reductions by other www.yale.edu/sustainability/climate
institutions of higher learning nationally and globally.
YALE EMISSIONS SINCE THE 2005 REDUCTION COMMITMENT
350,000
Bayer Healthcare Complex prior to Yale Purchase
West Campus – formerly Bayer
Central Campus
300,000
e) 2 250,000
200,000
GOAL
23,000 MTCO2e: a 43% reduction
from Bayer FY05 emissions
150,000
100,000
147,000 MTCO
Emissions (MTCO
2e: a 43% reduction
from Yale’s FY05 emissions or 10%
below 1990 emissions
50,000
0
2005
2010
2015
2020
Fiscal Year
In 2020, by meeting its greenhouse gas reduction goal, Yale will have reduced its Central Campus emissions by approximately 113,000
MTCO e and West Campus emissions by approximately 16,000 MTCO e from 2005 levels.
2
2
1 The World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council on Sustainable Development (WBCSD) Greenhouse Gas Protocol identifies three scopes of emissions: Scope 1- direct emissions from
sources owned or control ed by the university and includes emissions from mobile combustion, stationary combustion, process emissions, and fugitive emissions; Scope 2-indirect emissions from purchased
electricity and purchased cogeneration for heating or chilled water; and Scope 3- indirect emissions from all other sources that occur as result of university operations but occur from sources not owned or
control ed by the university.
2 Approximate total aggregate
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Strategy
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INCLUDED IN YALE UNIVERSITY’S GHG REDUCTION GOAL
Scope1
Description of Yale Emission Sources
2008
MTCO e
2
EMISSIONS INCLUDED IN GOAL MONITORING:
Scope 1
Yale power plant emissions generated from the production of steam, chilled water and electricity to
151,400
supply Yale Buildings
Scope 1
Yale School of Medicine leased space (646,000 GSF)
35,300
Scope 2
Electricity purchased from the grid and passing through the Yale power plants
55,800
SUBTOTAL
CENTRAL & MEDICAL CAMPUSES
242,500
Scope 2
West Campus: 1,607,000 GSF complex purchased by Yale in October 2007 from Bayer Pharmaceuticals
20,500
TOTAL
263,000
EMISSIONS NOT CURRENTLY INCLUDED:
Scope 1
University Fleet Emissions
Scope 2
Fuel purchases for on and off campus buildings that are not connected to the Yale power plants
Scope 3
Employee Commuting
Scope 3
Employee Air Travel
TOTAL
~ 70,2002
What is Included?
Yale’s 2005 greenhouse gas reduction goal included two on-campus power plants3 and purchased electricity at Central and
Medical campuses. Since adoption of the 2005 target, Yale has now incorporated into this effort the recently acquired West
campus – the former Bayer Healthcare Complex, a 136 acre campus comprised of 1.6M square feet of laboratories, offices and
warehouse space. Our current target does not include the emissions from Yale’s fleet, employee commuting or university related
travel, though this is under analysis for 2009.
CENTRAL AND MEDICAL CAMPUS—ANALYSIS OF PROGRESS TO DATE
FY05
FY06
FY07
FY08
Measured Emissions (MTCO2e)
Measured Emissions from FY05 Campus
260,700
241,000
239,100
229,400
% Reduction
7.6%
8.3%
12.1%
Measured Emissions from Buildings Added after FY05
FY06 Additions
3,900
5,800
6,900
FY07 Additions
300
300
FY08 Additions
5,900
Total Emissions (Scope 1 & 2)
260,700
244,900
245,200
242,500*
% Reduction in Total Emissions From FY05 base
6.0%
6.0%
7.0%
Campus Size (GSF)
FY05
FY06
FY07
FY08
Additions to Campus
214,400
26,100
120,000
Campus size at Fiscal Year End
11,265,100
11,479,500
11,505,600
11,625,600
% Increase in Campus GSF since Goal Adoption
1.9%
2.1%
3.2%4
*44.5 lbs CO e/Campus gross square foot
2
HOW ARE EMISSIONS TRACKED? Theoretical vs. Measured Emission Reduction
Yale has employed a system of continuous improvement by systematically comparing theoretical reductions to measured emis-
sions, following project implementation. This method of tracking emissions is used to guide strategy development for future project
implementation. However, it is essential to note that some of the differentiation between theoretical and measured emissions can
be a result of variables ranging from weather to the timing of major efficiency initiatives.
3 Yale University operates two power plants at its Central and Medical campuses. The Central Power Plant, a cogeneration facility that can supply 18 megawatts of electricity, 340,000 pounds per hour of steam and 14, 600
tons of chilled water to the Central and Science Campuses; and the Sterling Power Plant, a thermal energy facility that can supply 350,000 pounds per hour of steam and 19, 900 tons of chilled water to the Yale School of
Medicine and the Yale-New Haven Hospital.
4 Eighty percent of the square footage added since FY05 has been laboratory space which can be three times as energy intensive as administrative or residential spaces. Taking energy intensity into account, the effective
campus gross square footage increase in FY08 was equal to five percent.
6
5
Less than 1% of Y
This represents a range of 5–15¢ premium per KWh of electricity
ale’
For a more detailed description of Y
Estimated Y
Off-campus installations
On-campus installations
Renewable ener
Initiatives w/in power plants
Post-2005 buildings Initiatives w/in
pre-2005 buildings Initiatives w/in
Conser
GHG Reduction Initiatives
Emissions Goal in Y
Estimated emissions reductions from conser
Estimated emissions from post – 2005 new space and energy demands
Emissions in 2005 (year emissions reduction goal adopted)
Y
environment and future generations. greenhouse at Y operating and Some
s Annual Operating Budget
ALE’S FORECASTED EMISSIONS SCORECARD IN THE YEAR 2020
ale
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ear 2020 Operating Budget Impact
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ow much will it cost to achie
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ale’
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170,000
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