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The Principles Of Universal Design 1 2 3 4 7 6 5

1 THE PRINCIPLES OF UNIVERSAL DESIGNVersion 2.0 (4/1/97)
1
EQUITABLE USE
4 PERCEPTIBLE INFORMATION
The design is useful and marketable to people
The design communicates necessary information
with diverse abilities.
2
FLEXIBILITY IN USE
3 SIMPLE AND INTUITIVE USE
effectively to the user, regardless of ambient
The design accommodates a wide range of
conditions or the user’s sensory abilities.
individual preferences and abilities.
GUIDELINES
GUIDELINES 4a. Use different modes (pictorial, verbal, tactile)
for redundant presentation of essential information.
GUIDELINES 2a. Provide choice in methods of use.
GUIDELINES
3a. Eliminate unnecessary complexity.
4b. Maximize “legibility” of essential information.
1c. Make provisions for privacy, security, and
2b. Accommodate right- or left -handed access and use.
2c. Facilitate the user’s accuracy and precision.
3b. Be consistent with user expectations and intuition.
2d. Provide adaptability to the user’s pace.
3c. Accommodate a wide range of literacy and
language skil s.
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES ■ Scissors designed for right - or left-handed users
3d. Arrange information consistent with its importance.
■ An automated teller machine (ATM) that has visual,
tactile, and audible feedback, a tapered card
3e. Provide effective prompting and feedback
EXAMPLES
opening, and a palm rest
during and after task completion.
EXAMPLES
■ A moving sidewalk or escalator in a public space
■ An instruction manual with drawings and no text
SIZE AND SPACE FOR
5 TOLERANCE FOR ERROR
6
7
LOW PHYSICAL EFFORT
APPROACH AND USE
The design minimizes hazards and the adverse
2safety
equally available to all users.
4c. Differentiate elements in ways that can be
described (i.e., make it easy to give instructions
1d. Make the design appealing to all users.
or directions).
■ Power doors with sensors at entrances that are
4d. Provide compatibility with a variety of techniques
convenient for all users
or devices used by people with sensory limitations.


■ Integrated, dispersed, and adaptable seating in

assembly areas such as sports arenas and theaters
The design can be used efficiently and comfortably
THE PRINCIPLES WERE COMPILED BY ADVOCATES
consequences of accidental or unintended actions.
and with a minimum of fatigue.
3Use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user’s experience, knowle ■ Tactile, visual, and audible cues and instructions on a thermostat ■ Redundant cueing (e.g., voice communications and signage) in airports, train stations, and subway cars
Appropriate size and space is provided for approach,
reach, manipulation, and use regardless of user’s
OF UNIVERSAL DESIGN, IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER:
body size, posture, or mobility.
GUIDELINES 5a. Arrange elements to minimize hazards and errors:
GUIDELINES
most used elements, most accessible; hazardous
NOTE:
The Principles of Universal Design are not intended to
constitute all criteria for good design, only universally
usable design. Certainly, other factors are important,
such as aesthetics, cost, safety, gender and cultural
appropriateness, and these aspects must also be
EXAMPLES
taken into consideration when designing.
EXAMPLES
66a. Allow user to maintain a neutral body position.GUIDELINES7a. Provide a clear line of sight to
elements eliminated, isolated, or shielded.
6b. Use reasonable operating forces.
5b. Provide warnings of hazards and errors.
6c. Minimize repetitive actions.
5c. Provide fail safe features.
6d. Minimize sustained physical effort.
4d
ge,
language skills, or current concentration level.
1a. Provide the same means of use for all users:
identical whenever possible; equivalent when not.
1b. Avoid segregating or stigmatizing any users.
55d. Discourage unconscious action in tasks that ■
require vigilance.
Lever or loop handles on doors and faucets

■ Touch lamps operated without a switch
■ A double-cut car key easily inserted into a recessed
keyhole in either of two ways
EXAMPLES
■ An “undo” feature in computer software that allows
the user to correct mistakes without penalty
7Bettye Rose Connell, Mike Jones, Ron Mace, Jim Mueller, Abir Mullick, Elaine Ostroff, Jon Sanford, Ed Steinfeld, Molly Story,and Gregg Vanderheiden.
important elements
for any seated or standing user.
7b. Make reach to all components comfortable for any
seated or standing user.
7c. Accommodate variations in hand and grip size.
7d. Provide adequate space for the use of assistive
devices or personal assistance.
■ Controls on the front and clear floor space around
appliances, mailboxes, dumpsters, and other elements
© Copyright 1997 NC State University,
■ Wide gates at subway stations that accommodate all users
Center for Universal Design, College of Design
NC STATE UNIVERSITY College of Design
THE PRINCIPLES OF UNIVERSAL DESIGN
THE CENTER FOR UNIVERSAL DESIGN
Version 2.0 (4/1/97)
Box 8613 • Raleigh, NC • 27695.8613
UNIVERSAL DESIGN : The design of products and environments to be usable by all
1.800.647.6777 Info Request Line
people, to the greatest extent possible, without adaptation or specialized design.
919.515.3082 Voice and TTY
The authors, a working group of architects, product designers, engineers and environmental
919.515.8951 FAX
design researchers, collaborated to establish the fol owing Principles of Universal Design
to guide a wide range of design disciplines including environments, products and
http://www.design.ncsu.edu/cud
communications. These seven principles may be applied to evaluate existing designs, guide
the design process, and educate both designers and consumers about the characteristics
of more usable products and environments.
1 EQUITABLE USE
The design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities.
2 FLEXIBILITY IN USE
The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities.
3 SIMPLE AND INTUITIVE USE
Use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user’s experience,
knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level.
4 PERCEPTIBLE INFORMATION
The design communicates necessary information effectively to the user, regardless
of ambient conditions or the user’s sensory abilities.
5 TOLERANCE FOR ERROR
The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or
unintended actions.
6 LOW PHYSICAL EFFORT
The design can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a minimum of fatigue.
7 SIZE AND SPACE FOR
APPROACH AND USE
Appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and use
regardless of user’s body size, posture, or mobility.
Printed 9/06 by J . Woodard