The Compact Font Format Specification
The Compact Font Format
R
POST C
S RIPT
Specification
Software From Adobe
Adobe Developer Support
Technical Note #5176
Version 1.0
4 December 2003
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Contents
The Compact Font Format Specification 7
1
Introduction 7
2
Data Layout 7
3
Data Types 8
4
DICT Data 9
5
INDEX Data 12
6
Header 13
7
Name INDEX 13
8
Top DICT INDEX 14
9
Top DICT Data 14
10
String INDEX 17
11
Glyph Organization 18
12
Encodings 18
13
Charsets 21
14
CharStrings INDEX 23
15
Private DICT Data 23
16
Local/Global Subrs INDEXes 25
17
Synthetic Fonts 27
18
CID-keyed Fonts 27
19
FDSelect 28
5
Appendix A
Standard Strings 31
Appendix B
Predefined Encodings 37
Appendix C
Predefined Charsets 45
Appendix D
Example CFF Font 51
Appendix E
PostScript File Structure 53
Appendix F
Embedded PostScript 55
Appendix G
Related Documentation 57
Appendix H
CFF DICT Encoding 59
Appendix I
Changes Since Earlier Versions 61
6
(4 Dec 03)
The Compact Font Format
Specification
1 Introduction
This document describes the specification of a font format that
is suitable for compactly representing one or more Type 1 or
CID-keyed fonts. Unlike previous Type 1 and CID-keyed font
formats, CFF allows multiple fonts to be stored together in a
unit called a FontSet. Principal space savings are a result of using
a compact binary representation for most of the information,
sharing of common data between fonts, and defaulting
frequently occurring data.
The CFF format is designed to be used in conjunction with
Type 2 charstrings for the character description procedures (see
Adobe Technical Note #5177: “The Type 2 Charstring Format”).
The design supports the embedding of PostScript® language
code which permits additional flexibility and extensibility of the
format when used in printer environments (see Appendix E).
2 Data Layout
Conceptually the binary data is organized as a number of
separate data structures. The overall layout within the binary
data is shown Table 1. Since some of these data structures are
reached via offsets the ordering could be changed, although the
first five occupy fixed locations.
7
Table 1 CFF Data Layout
Entry
Comments
Header
–
Name INDEX
–
Top DICT INDEX
–
String INDEX
–
Global Subr INDEX
–
Encodings
–
Charsets
–
FDSelect
CIDFonts only
CharStrings INDEX
per-font
Font DICT INDEX
per-font, CIDFonts only
Private DICT
per-font
Local Subr INDEX
per-font or per-Private DICT for CIDFonts
Copyright and
–
Trademark Notices
Appendix D shows an annotated example of a CFF font.
3 Data Types
This section describes data representation and types used by the
format.
All multi-byte numeric data and offset fields are stored in big-
endian byte order (high byte low offset) and do not honor any
alignment restrictions. This leads to a format that is free from
padding bytes.
Data objects are often specified by byte offsets that are relative
to some reference point within the CFF data. These offsets are 1
to 4 bytes in length. This document uses the convention of
enclosing the reference point in parentheses and uses a
reference point of (0) to indicate an offset relative to the start
of the CFF data and (self) to indicate an offset relative to the
data structure containing the offset.
8
The Compact Font Format Specification
(4 Dec 03)
The CFF format data types are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 CFF Data Types
Name
Range
Description
Card8
0 – 255
1-byte unsigned number
Card16
0 – 65535
2-byte unsigned number
Offset
varies
1, 2, 3, or 4 byte offset (specified by
OffSize field)
OffSize
1– 4
1-byte unsigned number specifies the
size of an Offset field or fields
SID
0 – 64999
2-byte string identifier
This document describes data structures by listing field types,
names, and descriptions. Data structures may be given a type
name and subsequently described. Arrays of objects are
indicated by the usual square bracket convention enclosing the
array length.
The majority of CFF data is contained by either of two data
structures called DICT and INDEX which are described in
subsequent sections.
4 DICT Data
Font dictionary data comprising key-value pairs is represented
in a compact tokenized format that is similar to that used to
represent Type 1 charstrings. Dictionary keys are encoded as 1-
or 2-byte operators and dictionary values are encoded as
variable-size numeric operands that represent either integer or
real values. An operator is preceded by the operand(s) that
specify its value. A DICT is simply a sequence of
operand(s)/operator bytes concatenated together.
A number of integer operand types of varying sizes are defined
and are encoded as shown in Table 3 (first byte of operand is b0,
4 DICT Data
9
second is b1, and so on).
Table 3 Operand Encoding
Size
b0 range
Value range
Value calculation
1
32
– 246
–107
– +107
b0–139
2
247
– 250
+108
– +1131
(b0–247)*256+b1+108
2
251
– 254
–1131
– –108
–(b0–251)*256–b1–108
3
28
–32768
– +32767
b1<<8|b2
5
29
–(2^31)
– +(2^31–1)
b1<<24|b2<<16|b3<<8|b4
Note 1
The 1- , 2-, and 3- byte integer formats are identical to those used by
Type 2 charstrings.
Examples of the integer formats are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 Integer Format Examples
Value
Encoding
0
8b
100
ef
–100
27
1000
fa 7c
–1000
fe 7c
10000
1c 27 10
–10000
1c d8 f0
100000
1d 00 01 86 a0
–100000
1d ff fe 79 60
A real number operand is provided in addition to integer
operands. This operand begins with a byte value of 30 followed
by a variable-length sequence of bytes. Each byte is composed
of two 4-bit nibbles as defined in Table 5. The first nibble of a
pair is stored in the most significant 4 bits of a byte and the
second nibble of a pair is stored in the least significant 4 bits of
10
The Compact Font Format Specification
(4 Dec 03)
a byte.
Table 5 Nibble Definitions
Nibble
Represents
0 – 9
0 – 9
a
. (decimal point)
b
E
c
E–
d
<reserved>
e
– (minus)
f
end of number
A real number is terminated by one (or two) 0xf nibbles so that
it is always padded to a full byte. Thus, the value –2.25 is
encoded by the byte sequence (1e e2 a2 5f) and the value
0.140541E–3 by the sequence (1e 0a 14 05 41 c3 ff).
Operators and operands may be distinguished by inspection of
their first byte: 0–21 specify operators and 28, 29, 30, and
32–254 specify operands (numbers). Byte values 22–27, 31, and
255 are reserved. An operator may be preceded by up to a
maximum of 48 operands.
An operator may have one or more operands of the types
shown in Table 6.
Table 6 Operand Types
Type
Description
number
Integer or real number
boolean
Integer type with the values 0 (false) and 1 (true)
SID
String id (see section 10)
array
One or more numbers
delta
A number or a delta-encoded array of numbers
(see below)
The length of array or delta types is determined by counting the
operands preceding the operator. The second and subsequent
numbers in a delta are encoded as the difference between
4 DICT Data
11
successive values. For example, an array a0, a1, ..., an would be
encoded as: a0 (a1–a0) (a2–a1) ..., (an–a(n–1)).
Two-byte operators have an initial escape byte of 12.
Further compaction of dictionary data is achieved by
establishing default values for various DICT keys. For those keys
that have a default value the absence of the corresponding
operator in a DICT implies a key should take its default value.
(A list of DICT operators for the Top and Private DICTs may be
found in sections 9 and 15, respectively.)
5 INDEX Data
An INDEX is an array of variable-sized objects. It comprises a
header, an offset array, and object data. The offset array
specifies offsets within the object data. An object is retrieved by
indexing the offset array and fetching the object at the
specified offset. The object’s length can be determined by
subtracting its offset from the next offset in the offset array. An
additional offset is added at the end of the offset array so the
length of the last object may be determined. The INDEX format
is shown in Table 7.
Table 7 INDEX Format
Type
Name
Description
Card16
count
Number of objects stored in INDEX
OffSize
offSize
Offset array element size
Offset
offset
Offset array (from byte preceding
[count+1]
object data)
Card8
data
Object data
[<varies>]
Offsets in the offset array are relative to the byte that precedes
the object data. Therefore the first element of the offset array
is always 1. (This ensures that every object has a corresponding
offset which is always nonzero and permits the efficient
implementation of dynamic object loading.)
An empty INDEX is represented by a count field with a 0 value
12
The Compact Font Format Specification
(4 Dec 03)
and no additional fields. Thus, the total size of an empty INDEX
is 2 bytes.
Note 2
An INDEX may be skipped by jumping to the offset specified by the last
element of the offset array.
6 Header
The binary data begins with a header having the format shown
in Table 8.
Table 8 Header Format
Type
Name
Description
Card8
major
Format major version (starting at 1)
Card8
minor
Format minor version (starting at 0)
Card8
hdrSize
Header size (bytes)
OffSize
offSize
Absolute offset (0) size
Implementations reading font set files must include code to
check version numbers so that if and when the format and
therefore the version number changes, older implementations
will reject newer versions gracefully. If the major version
number is understood by an implementation it can safely
proceed with reading the font. The minor version number
indicates extensions to the format that are undetectable by
implementations that do not support them although they will
be unable to take advantage of these extensions.
The hdrSize field must be used when locating the Name INDEX.
It is provided so that future versions of the format may
introduce additional data between the offSize field and the
Name INDEX in a manner that is compatible with older
implementations.
The offSize field specifies the size of all offsets (0) relative to the
start of CFF data.
7 Name INDEX
This contains the PostScript language names (FontName or
CIDFontName) of all the fonts in the FontSet stored in an INDEX
structure. The font names are sorted, thereby permitting a
6 Header
13
binary search to be performed when locating a specific font
within a FontSet. The sort order is based on character codes
treated as 8-bit unsigned integers. A given font name precedes
another font name having the first name as its prefix. There
must be at least one entry in this INDEX, i.e. the FontSet must
contain at least one font.
For compatibility with client software, such as PostScript
interpreters and Acrobat®, font names should be no longer
than 127 characters and should not contain any of the following
ASCII characters: [, ], (, ), {, }, <, >, /, %, null (NUL), space, tab,
carriage return, line feed, form feed. It is recommended that
font names be restricted to the printable ASCII subset, codes 33
through 126. Adobe Type Manager® (ATM®) software imposes
a further restriction on the font name length of 63 characters.
Note 3
For compatibility with earlier PostScript interpreters, see Technical Note
#5088, “Font Naming Issues.”
A font may be deleted from a FontSet without removing its data
by setting the first byte of its name in the Name INDEX to 0
(NUL). This kind of deletion offers a simple way to handle font
upgrades without rebuilding entire fontsets. Binary search
software must detect deletions and restart the search at the
previous or next name in the INDEX to ensure that all
appropriate names are matched.
8 Top DICT INDEX
This contains the top-level DICTs of all the fonts in the FontSet
stored in an INDEX structure. Objects contained within this
INDEX correspond to those in the Name INDEX in both order
and number. Each object is a DICT structure that corresponds to
the top-level dictionary of a PostScript font.
A font is identified by an entry in the Name INDEX and its data
is accessed via the corresponding Top DICT.
9 Top DICT Data
The names of the Top DICT operators shown in Table 9 are,
where possible, the same as the corresponding Type 1 dict key.
Operators that have no corresponding Type 1 dict key are noted
in the table below along with a default value, if any. (Several
14
The Compact Font Format Specification
(4 Dec 03)
operators have been derived from FontInfo dict keys but have
been grouped together with the Top DICT operators for
simplicity. The keys from the FontInfo dict are indicated in the
Default,notes column of Table 9.)
Table 9 Top DICT Operator Entries
Name
Value
Operand(s)
Default, notes
version
0
SID
–, FontInfo
Notice
1
SID
–, FontInfo
Copyright
12 0
SID
–, FontInfo
FullName
2
SID
–, FontInfo
FamilyName
3
SID
–, FontInfo
Weight
4
SID
–, FontInfo
isFixedPitch
12 1
boolean
0 (false), FontInfo
ItalicAngle
12 2
number
0, FontInfo
UnderlinePosition
12 3
number
–100, FontInfo
UnderlineThickness
12 4
number
50, FontInfo
PaintType
12 5
number
0
CharstringType
12 6
number
2
FontMatrix
12 7
array
0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0
UniqueID
13
number
–
FontBBox
5
array
0 0 0 0
StrokeWidth
12 8
number
0
XUID
14
array
–
charset
15
number
0, charset offset (0)
Encoding
16
number
0, encoding offset (0)
CharStrings
17
number
–, CharStrings offset
(0)
Private
18
number
–, Private DICT size
number
and offset (0)
SyntheticBase
12 20
number
–, synthetic base font
index
PostScript
12 21
SID
–, embedded
PostScript language
code
9 Top DICT Data
15
Table 9 Top DICT Operator Entries (continued)
Name
Value
Operand(s)
Default, notes
BaseFontName
12 22
SID
–, (added as needed
by Adobe-based
technology)
BaseFontBlend
12 23
delta
–, (added as needed
by Adobe-based
technology)
The embedded PostScript operator provides an escape
mechanism that may be used to address extensibility or
compatibility issues in a printer font (see Appendix F).
The separation of dictionary data into top-level and Private
dictionaries reflects Type 1 usage where Top DICT data is parsed
at findfont time and used to construct a valid Type 1 font
dictionary. The Private operator value specifies a size and an
offset that is followed at font rendering time in order to
construct the data structures associated with Private DICT data.
The operators BaseFontName and BaseFontBlend are added to
multiple master font instances embedded in PDF documents.
BaseFontName is the FontName of the original multiple master
font and BaseFontBlend is the User Design Vector used to
compute the instance.
CIDFonts require the additional Top DICT operators shown in
Table 10.
Table 10 CIDFont Operator Extensions
Name
Value
Operand(s)
Default, notes
ROS
12 30
SID SID
–, Registry Ordering
number
Supplement
CIDFontVersion
12 31
number
0
CIDFontRevision
12 32
number
0
CIDFontType
12 33
number
0
CIDCount
12 34
number
8720
UIDBase
12 35
number
–
FDArray
12 36
number
–, Font DICT (FD)
INDEX offset (0)
16
The Compact Font Format Specification
(4 Dec 03)
Table 10 CIDFont Operator Extensions
Name
Value
Operand(s)
Default, notes
FDSelect
12 37
number
–, FDSelect offset (0)
FontName
12 38
SID
–, FD FontName
The ROS operator combines the Registry, Ordering, and
Supplement keys together. CIDFonts are described fully in
section 18.
The Top DICT begins with the SyntheticBase and ROS operators
for synthetic and CIDFonts, respectively. Regular Type 1 fonts
begin with some other operator. (This permits the
determination of the kind of font without parsing the entire
Top DICT.)
10 String INDEX
All the strings, with the exception of the FontName and
CIDFontName strings which appear in the Name INDEX, used by
different fonts within the FontSet are collected together into an
INDEX structure and are referenced by a 2-byte unsigned
number called a string identifier or SID. Only unique strings are
stored in the table thereby removing duplication across fonts.
Further space saving is obtained by allocating commonly
occurring strings to predefined SIDs. These strings, known as the
standard strings, describe all the names used in the ISOAdobe
and Expert character sets along with a few other strings
common to Type 1 fonts. A complete list of standard strings is
given in Appendix A.
The client program will contain an array of standard strings with
nStdStrings elements. Thus, the standard strings take SIDs in the
range 0 to (nStdStrings –1). The first string in the String INDEX
corresponds to the SID whose value is equal to nStdStrings, the
first non-standard string, and so on. When the client needs to
determine the string that corresponds to a particular SID it
performs the following: test if SID is in standard range then
fetch from internal table, otherwise, fetch string from the String
INDEX using a value of (SID – nStdStrings) as the index.
An SID is defined as a 2-byte unsigned number but only takes
10 String INDEX
17
values in the range 0–64999, inclusive. SID values 65000 and
above are available for implementation use.
A FontSet with zero non-standard strings is represented by an
empty INDEX.
11 Glyph Organization
The glyphs within a font constitute a charset and are accessed
via an encoding. An encoding is an array of codes associated
with some or all glyphs in a font and a charset is an array of
“names” for all glyphs in the font. (In CFF these names are
actually SIDs or CIDs, which must be unique.)
In order to understand how charsets, encodings, and glyphs are
related in CFF it is useful to think of them as 3 “parallel” arrays
that are indexed in unison. Thus, it is possible to name and
encode the glyph at the given glyph index (GID) by using the
GID to index the charset and encoding arrays, respectively. By
definition the first glyph (GID 0) is “.notdef” and must be
present in all fonts. Since this is always the case, it is not
necessary to represent either the encoding (unencoded) or
name (.notdef) for GID 0. Consequently, taking advantage of
this optimization, the encoding and charset arrays always begin
with GID 1.
12 Encodings
Encoding data is located via the offset operand to the Encoding
operator in the Top DICT. Only one Encoding operator can be
specified per font except for CIDFonts which specify no
encoding. A glyph’s encoding is specified by a 1-byte code that
permits values in the range 0 – 255.
Each encoding is described by a format-type identifier byte
followed by format-specific data. Two formats are currently
defined as specified in Tables 11 and 12.
Table 11 Format 0
Type
Name
Description
Card8
format
=0
Card8
nCodes
Number of encoded glyphs
18
The Compact Font Format Specification
(4 Dec 03)
Table 11 Format 0
Type
Name
Description
Card8
code
Code array
[nCodes]
Each element of the code array represents the encoding for the
corresponding glyph. This format should be used when the
codes are in a fairly random order.
Table 12 Format 1
Type
Name
Description
Card8
format
=1
Card8
nRanges
Number of code ranges
struct
Range1
Range1 array (see Table 13)
[nRanges]
The format of a Range1 is described in Table 13.
Table 13 Range1 Format (Encoding)
Type
Name
Description
Card8
first
First code in range
Card8
nLeft
Codes left in range (excluding first)
Each Range1 describes a group of sequential codes. For
example, the codes 51 52 53 54 55 could be represented by the
Range1: 51 4, and a perfectly ordered encoding of 256 codes can
be described with the Range1: 0 255.
This format is particularly suited to encodings that are well
ordered.
A few fonts have multiply-encoded glyphs which are not
supported directly by any of the above formats. This situation is
indicated by setting the high-order bit in the format byte and
supplementing the encoding, regardless of format type, as
12 Encodings
19
shown in Table 14.
Table 14 Supplemental Encoding Data
Type
Name
Description
Card8
nSups
Number of supplementary mappings
struct
Supplement
Supplementary encoding array (see
[nSups]
Table 15 below)
The format of a Supplement is specified in Table 15.
Table 15 Supplement Format
Type
Name
Description
Card8
code
Encoding
SID
glyph
Name
Each Supplement describes a single code-to-glyph mapping
which provides another encoding for a glyph that has already
been mentioned in the main encoding table.
Sorting glyphs by encoding and then SID for unencoded glyphs
(remembering that .notdef must be first) typically yields very
small font encodings. Still more optimization is possible by
observing that many fonts adopt one of two common
encodings. In these cases the operand to the Encoding operator
in the Top DICT specifies a predefined encoding id, in place of
an offset, as defined in Table 16.
Table 16 Encoding ID
Id
Name
0
Standard Encoding
1
Expert Encoding
If the font uses Standard Encoding the Encoding operator can
be omitted from the Top DICT since its default value is 0. Details
of predefined encodings can be found in Appendix B.
It is not necessary for a font to contain all the glyphs specified
by a predefined encoding in order to be able to use it. The only
requirement is that every glyph in the font has an identical
20
The Compact Font Format Specification
(4 Dec 03)
encoding to those in the predefined encoding (including
unencoded glyphs).
Two or more fonts may share the same encoding by setting the
offset operand of the Encoding operator to the same value in
each font.
By definition, glyphs that are not specified by custom or
predefined encodings are unencoded.
Note 4
Predefined encodings may be applied to a variety of fonts regardless of
charset whereas custom encodings may only be applied to fonts with
specific charsets. Consequently, predefined encodings are specified as
code to SID mappings and custom encodings are specified as code to
GID mappings.
13 Charsets
Charset data is located via the offset operand to the charset
operator in the Top DICT. Each charset is described by a format-
type identifier byte followed by format-specific data. Three
formats are currently defined as shown in Tables 17, 18, and 20.
Table 17 Format 0
Type
Name
Description
Card8
format
=0
SID
glyph
Glyph name array
[nGlyphs–1]
Each element of the glyph array represents the name of the
corresponding glyph. This format should be used when the SIDs
are in a fairly random order. The number of glyphs (nGlyphs) is
the value of the count field in the CharStrings INDEX. (There is
one less element in the glyph name array than nGlyphs because
the .notdef glyph name is omitted.)
Table 18 Format 1
Type
Name
Description
Card8
format
=1
struct
Range1
Range1 array (see Table 19)
[<varies>]
13 Charsets
21
The Range1 format is shown in Table 19.
Table 19 Range1 Format (Charset)
Type
Name
Description
SID
first
First glyph in range
Card8
nLeft
Glyphs left in range (excluding first)
Each Range1 describes a group of sequential SIDs. The number
of ranges is not explicitly specified in the font. Instead, software
utilizing this data simply processes ranges until all glyphs in the
font are covered. This format is particularly suited to charsets
that are well ordered.
Table 20 Format 2
Type
Name
Description
Card8
format
=2
struct
Range2
Range2 array (see Table 21)
[<varies>]
The Range2 format is shown in Table 21.
Table 21 Range2 Format
Type
Name
Description
SID
first
First glyph in range
Card16
nLeft
Glyphs left in range (excluding first)
Format 2 differs from format 1 only in the size of the nLeft field
in each range. This format is most suitable for fonts with a large
well-ordered charset — for example, for Asian CIDFonts.
Careful attention to the allocation order of SIDs typically yields
very small font charsets. Still more optimization is possible by
observing that many fonts adopt one of 3 common charsets. In
these cases the operand to the charset operator in the Top DICT
specifies a predefined charset id, in place of an offset, as shown
22
The Compact Font Format Specification
(4 Dec 03)
in Table 22.
Table 22 Charset ID
Id
Name
0
ISOAdobe
1
Expert
2
ExpertSubset
If the font has an ISOAdobe charset, the charset operator can be
omitted from the Top DICT since its default value is 0. Details of
predefined charsets can be found in Appendix C. A font may use
a predefined charset if it exactly matches in the first nGlyphs.
CID fonts must not use predefined charsets.
Two or more fonts may share the same charset by setting the
offset operand of the charset operator to the same value in
each font.
14 CharStrings INDEX
This contains the charstrings of all the glyphs in a font stored in
an INDEX structure. Charstring objects contained within this
INDEX are accessed by GID. The first charstring (GID 0) must be
the .notdef glyph. The number of glyphs available in a font may
be determined from the count field in the INDEX.
The format of the charstring data, and therefore the method of
interpretation, is specified by the CharstringType operator in
the Top DICT. The CharstringType operator has a default value
of 2 indicating the Type 2 charstring format which was designed
in conjunction with CFF. Type 1 charstrings are documented in
the “Adobe Type 1 Font Format” published by Addison-Wesley.
Type 2 charstrings are described in Adobe Technical Note #5177:
“Type 2 Charstring Format.” Other charstring types may also be
supported by this method.
15 Private DICT Data
The names of the Private DICT operators shown in Table 23 are,
where possible, the same as the corresponding Type 1 dict keys.
Operators that have no corresponding Type 1 dict key are
14 CharStrings INDEX
23
indicated with a note in Table 23.
Table 23 Private DICT Operators
Name
Value
Operand(s)
Default, notes
BlueValues
6
delta
–
OtherBlues
7
delta
–
FamilyBlues
8
delta
–
FamilyOtherBlues
9
delta
–
BlueScale
12 9
number
0.039625
BlueShift
12 10
number
7
BlueFuzz
12 11
number
1
StdHW
10
number
–
StdVW
11
number
–
StemSnapH
12 12
delta
–
StemSnapV
12 13
delta
–
ForceBold
12 14
boolean
false
LanguageGroup
12 17
number
0
ExpansionFactor
12 18
number
0.06
initialRandomSeed
12 19
number
0
Subrs
19
number
–, Offset (self) to local
subrs
defaultWidthX
20
number
0, see below
nominalWidthX
21
number
0, see below
The local subrs offset is relative to the beginning of the Private
DICT data.
The defaultWidthX and nominalWidthX operators supply width
values for glyphs. If a glyph width equals the defaultWidthX
value it can be omitted from the charstring, otherwise the glyph
width is computed by adding the charstring width to
nominalWidthX value. If nominalWidthX is carefully chosen the
bulk of the widths in the charstrings can be reduced from 2-byte
to single-byte numbers thereby saving space.
The OtherBlues and FamilyOtherBlues operators must occur
24
The Compact Font Format Specification
(4 Dec 03)
after the BlueValues and FamilyBlues operators, respectively.
A Private DICT is required, but may be specified as having a
length of 0 if there are no non-default values to be stored.
16 Local / Global Subrs INDEXes
Both Type 1 and Type 2 charstrings support the notion of
subroutines or subrs. A subr is typically a sequence of charstring
bytes representing a sub-program that occurs in more than one
place in a font’s charstring data. This subr may be stored once
but referenced many times from within one or more charstrings
by the use of the callsubr operator whose operand is the
number of the subr to be called. The subrs are local to a
particular font and cannot be shared between fonts. Type 2
charstrings also permit global subrs which function in the same
way but are called by the callgsubr operator and may be shared
across fonts.
Local subrs are stored in an INDEX structure which is located via
the offset operand of the Subrs operator in the Private DICT. A
font without local subrs has no Subrs operator in the Private
DICT.
Global subrs are stored in an INDEX structure which follows the
String INDEX. A FontSet without any global subrs is represented
by an empty Global Subrs INDEX.
Subr numbers in Type 2 charstrings are skewed by a number
called the “subr number bias” which is calculated from the
count of the subroutines in either the local or global subr
INDEXes. The bias is calculated as follows:
Card16 bias;
Card16 nSubrs = subrINDEX.count;
if (CharstringType == 1)
bias = 0;
else if (nSubrs < 1240)
bias = 107;
else if (nSubrs < 33900)
bias = 1131;
else
bias = 32768;
For correct subr selection the calculated bias must be added to
16 Local/Global Subrs INDEXes
25
the subr number operand before accessing the appropriate subr
INDEX. This technique allows subr numbers to be specified using
negative as well as positive numbers thereby fully utilizing the
available number ranges and thus saving space. (The above
calculation obviates the need for an explicit bias to be stored in
the font which is currently the case for Type 1 fonts.) Tables 24,
25, and 26 show the relationship between subr indices,
numbers, number sizes and range counts for the different
biasing schemes (column headings are described following
Table 26).
Table 24 nSubrs < 1240, bias = 107
Ordered index
Reorder index
Biased number
Size
Count
0 –
214
0
–
214
–107
–
+107
1
215
215
–
1238
215
–
1238
+108
–
+1131
2
1024
Total:
1239
Table 25 nSubrs < 33900, bias = 1131
Ordered index
Reorder index
Biased number
Size
Count
0
–
214
1024
–
1238
–107
–
+107
1
215
215
–
1238
0
–
1023
–1131
–
–108
2
1024
1239
–
2262
1239
–
2262
+108
–
+1131
2
1024
2263
– 33898
2263
– 33898
+1132
– +32767
3
31636
Total:
33899
Table 26 nSubrs >= 33900, bias = 32768
Ordered index
Reorder index
Biased number
Size
Count
0
–
214
32661
– 32875
–107
–
+107
1
215
215
–
1238
31637
– 32660
–1131
–
–108
2
1024
1239
–
2262
32876
– 33899
+108
–
+1131
2
1024
2263
– 33899
0
– 31636
–32768 –
–1132
3
31637
33900
– 65535
33900
– 65535
+1132
– +32767
3
31636
Total:
65536
Where the column headings are interpreted as follows:
26
The Compact Font Format Specification
(4 Dec 03)
Ordered index
subr index ordered by most frequent
subr first.
Reorder index
ordered index reordered for bias (this
is the index of subrs in the local/global
Subr INDEX structures).
Biased number
reorder index with bias subtracted
(callsubr/callgsubr operand).
Size
biased number size (bytes).
Count
number of subrs in range.
17 Synthetic Fonts
A synthetic font is a modification of another font by means of a
different transformation matrix or encoding. Obliqued,
expanded, and condensed fonts are examples of fonts that may
be constructed as synthetic fonts.
Synthetic fonts have a name and a Top DICT that refers to a base
font. The Top DICT may contain the following operators:
FullName, ItalicAngle, FontMatrix, SyntheticBase, and
Encoding.
The SyntheticBase operator is required and specifies the zero-
based index of the font that is to be used as the base font. The
FontMatrix and/or Encoding is applied to this font in order to
algorithmically create a new font. The other operator values
override those given in the base font. The Top DICT must begin
with a SyntheticBase operator. The base font shall not be a CID-
keyed font or a synthetic font.
18 CID-keyed Fonts
The representation of a CIDFont is designed to be separable
from its encoding. In keeping with this strategy, the CFF
representation does not include any encoding information
which instead resides in a CMap file. If a need arises for a more
compact representation of the CMap file, CFF can be extended
to accommodate it.
A CFF CIDFont has the CIDFontName in the Name INDEX and a
corresponding Top DICT. The Top DICT begins with ROS operator
which specifies the Registry-Ordering-Supplement for the font.
17 Synthetic Fonts
27
This will indicate to a CFF parser that special CID processing
should be applied to this font. Specifically:
• The FDArray operator is expected to be present, with a single
argument specifying an offset to the Font DICT INDEX. Each
Font DICT in this array specifies information unique to a
particular group of glyphs in the font. The mapping of
glyphs to Font DICTs is specified by the FDSelect structure
described below. Each Font DICT will specify a corresponding
Private DICT with the Private DICT operator.
• The charset data, although in the same format as non-
CIDFonts, will represent CIDs rather than SIDs, i.e. charstrings
are “named” by CIDs in a CIDFont. In a complete CIDFont the
charset table will specify an identity mapping (where GID
equals CID for all glyphs) as a single range beginning at CID 1
(CID 0, the .notdef glyph, is omitted) that covers all the
glyphs in the font. Subset CIDFonts will generally need to use
a more complex charset table representing a non-identity
mapping (where CID doesn’t equal GID).
• The Top DICT will include an FDSelect operator specifying an
offset to a charset-like data structure (see next section)
which contains a, possibly range-encoded, list of indexes,
from which a single index may be derived for each glyph.
The index identifies the Font DICT, and therefore the Private
DICT, to be used when rasterizing a glyph.
• The encoding data is omitted (see above); no Encoding
operator will be present and the default StandardEncoding
should not be applied.
There are no predefined charsets for CID fonts.
19 FDSelect
The FDSelect associates an FD (Font DICT) with a glyph by
specifying an FD index for that glyph. The FD index is used to
access one of the Font DICTs stored in the Font DICT INDEX.
FDSelect data is located via the offset operand to the FDSelect
operator in the Top DICT. FDSelect data specifies a format-type
identifier byte followed by format-specific data. Two formats
28
The Compact Font Format Specification
(4 Dec 03)
are currently defined, as shown in Tables 27 and 28.
Table 27 Format 0
Type
Name
Description
Card8
format
=0
Card8
fds
FD selector array
[nGlyphs]
Each element of the fd array (fds) represents the FD index of the
corresponding glyph. This format should be used when the FD
indexes are in a fairly random order. The number of glyphs
(nGlyphs) is the value of the count field in the CharStrings
INDEX. (This format is identical to charset format 0 except that
the .notdef glyph is included in this case.)
Table 28 Format 3
Type
Name
Description
Card8
format
=3
Card16
nRanges
Number of ranges
struct
Range3
Range3 array (see Table 29)
[nRanges]
Card16
sentinel
Sentinel GID (see below)
The format of a Range3 is shown in Table 29.
Table 29 Range3 Format
Type
Name
Description
Card16
first
First glyph index in range
Card8
fd
FD index for all glyphs in range
Each Range3 describes a group of sequential GIDs that have the
same FD index. Each range includes GIDs from the ‘first’ GID up
to, but not including, the ‘first’ GID of the next range element.
Thus, elements of the Range3 array are ordered by increasing
‘first’ GIDs. The first range must have a ‘first’ GID of 0. A sentinel
GID follows the last range element and serves to delimit the last
range in the array. (The sentinel GID is set equal to the number
of glyphs in the font. That is, its value is 1 greater than the last
GID in the font.) This format is particularly suited to FD indexes
that are well ordered (the usual case).
19 FDSelect
29
30
The Compact Font Format Specification
(4 Dec 03)
Appendix A
Standard Strings
(SID / name)
0
.notdef
21
four
42
I
1
space
22
five
43
J
2
exclam
23
six
44
K
3
quotedbl
24
seven
45
L
4
numbersign
25
eight
46
M
5
dollar
26
nine
47
N
6
percent
27
colon
48
O
7
ampersand
28
semicolon
49
P
8
quoteright
29
less
50
Q
9
parenleft
30
equal
51
R
10
parenright
31
greater
52
S
11
asterisk
32
question
53
T
12
plus
33
at
54
U
13
comma
34
A
55
V
14
hyphen
35
B
56
W
15
period
36
C
57
X
16
slash
37
D
58
Y
17
zero
38
E
59
Z
18
one
39
F
60
bracketleft
19
two
40
G
61
backslash
20
three
41
H
62
bracketright
31
63
asciicircum
92
braceleft
121
ellipsis
64
underscore
93
bar
122
perthousand
65
quoteleft
94
braceright
123
questiondown
66
a
95
asciitilde
124
grave
67
b
96
exclamdown
125
acute
68
c
97
cent
126
circumflex
69
d
98
sterling
127
tilde
70
e
99
fraction
128
macron
71
f
100
yen
129
breve
72
g
101
florin
130
dotaccent
73
h
102
section
131
dieresis
74
i
103
currency
132
ring
75
j
104
quotesingle
133
cedilla
76
k
105
quotedblleft
134
hungarumlaut
77
l
106
guillemotleft
135
ogonek
78
m
107
guilsinglleft
136
caron
79
n
108
guilsinglright
137
emdash
80
o
109
fi
138
AE
81
p
110
fl
139
ordfeminine
82
q
111
endash
140
Lslash
83
r
112
dagger
141
Oslash
84
s
113
daggerdbl
142
OE
85
t
114
periodcentered
143
ordmasculine
86
u
115
paragraph
144
ae
87
v
116
bullet
145
dotlessi
88
w
117
quotesinglbase
146
lslash
89
x
118
quotedblbase
147
oslash
90
y
119
quotedblright
148
oe
91
z
120
guillemotright
149
germandbls
32
Appendix A Standard Strings
(4 Dec 03)
150
onesuperior
179
Ecircumflex
208
ecircumflex
151
logicalnot
180
Edieresis
209
edieresis
152
mu
181
Egrave
210
egrave
153
trademark
182
Iacute
211
iacute
154
Eth
183
Icircumflex
212
icircumflex
155
onehalf
184
Idieresis
213
idieresis
156
plusminus
185
Igrave
214
igrave
157
Thorn
186
Ntilde
215
ntilde
158
onequarter
187
Oacute
216
oacute
159
divide
188
Ocircumflex
217
ocircumflex
160
brokenbar
189
Odieresis
218
odieresis
161
degree
190
Ograve
219
ograve
162
thorn
191
Otilde
220
otilde
163
threequarters
192
Scaron
221
scaron
164
twosuperior
193
Uacute
222
uacute
165
registered
194
Ucircumflex
223
ucircumflex
166
minus
195
Udieresis
224
udieresis
167
eth
196
Ugrave
225
ugrave
168
multiply
197
Yacute
226
yacute
169
threesuperior
198
Ydieresis
227
ydieresis
170
copyright
199
Zcaron
228
zcaron
171
Aacute
200
aacute
229
exclamsmall
172
Acircumflex
201
acircumflex
230
Hungarumlautsmall
173
Adieresis
202
adieresis
231
dollaroldstyle
174
Agrave
203
agrave
232
dollarsuperior
175
Aring
204
aring
233
ampersandsmall
176
Atilde
205
atilde
234
Acutesmall
177
Ccedilla
206
ccedilla
235
parenleftsuperior
178
Eacute
207
eacute
236
parenrightsuperior
33
237
twodotenleader
266
ff
295
Vsmall
238
onedotenleader
267
ffi
296
Wsmall
239
zerooldstyle
268
ffl
297
Xsmall
240
oneoldstyle
269
parenleftinferior
298
Ysmall
241
twooldstyle
270
parenrightinferior
299
Zsmall
242
threeoldstyle
271
Circumflexsmall
300
colonmonetary
243
fouroldstyle
272
hyphensuperior
301
onefitted
244
fiveoldstyle
273
Gravesmall
302
rupiah
245
sixoldstyle
274
Asmall
303
Tildesmall
246
sevenoldstyle
275
Bsmall
304
exclamdownsmall
247
eightoldstyle
276
Csmall
305
centoldstyle
248
nineoldstyle
277
Dsmall
306
Lslashsmall
249
commasuperior
278
Esmall
307
Scaronsmall
250
threequartersemdash
279
Fsmall
308
Zcaronsmall
251
periodsuperior
280
Gsmall
309
Dieresissmall
252
questionsmall
281
Hsmall
310
Brevesmall
253
asuperior
282
Ismall
311
Caronsmall
254
bsuperior
283
Jsmall
312
Dotaccentsmall
255
centsuperior
284
Ksmall
313
Macronsmall
256
dsuperior
285
Lsmall
314
figuredash
257
esuperior
286
Msmall
315
hypheninferior
258
isuperior
287
Nsmall
316
Ogoneksmall
259
lsuperior
288
Osmall
317
Ringsmall
260
msuperior
289
Psmall
318
Cedillasmall
261
nsuperior
290
Qsmall
319
questiondownsmall
262
osuperior
291
Rsmall
320
oneeighth
263
rsuperior
292
Ssmall
321
threeeighths
264
ssuperior
293
Tsmall
322
fiveeighths
265
tsuperior
294
Usmall
323
seveneighths
34
Appendix A Standard Strings
(4 Dec 03)
324
onethird
353
AEsmall
382
001.003
325
twothirds
354
Ccedillasmall
383
Black
326
zerosuperior
355
Egravesmall
384
Bold
327
foursuperior
356
Eacutesmall
385
Book
328
fivesuperior
357
Ecircumflexsmall
386
Light
329
sixsuperior
358
Edieresissmall
387
Medium
330
sevensuperior
359
Igravesmall
388
Regular
331
eightsuperior
360
Iacutesmall
389
Roman
332
ninesuperior
361
Icircumflexsmall
390
Semibold
333
zeroinferior
362
Idieresissmall
334
oneinferior
363
Ethsmall
335
twoinferior
364
Ntildesmall
336
threeinferior
365
Ogravesmall
337
fourinferior
366
Oacutesmall
338
fiveinferior
367
Ocircumflexsmall
339
sixinferior
368
Otildesmall
340
seveninferior
369
Odieresissmall
341
eightinferior
370
OEsmall
342
nineinferior
371
Oslashsmall
343
centinferior
372
Ugravesmall
344
dollarinferior
373
Uacutesmall
345
periodinferior
374
Ucircumflexsmall
346
commainferior
375
Udieresissmall
347
Agravesmall
376
Yacutesmall
348
Aacutesmall
377
Thornsmall
349
Acircumflexsmall
378
Ydieresissmall
350
Atildesmall
379
001.000
351
Adieresissmall
380
001.001
352
Aringsmall
381
001.002
35
36
Appendix A Standard Strings
(4 Dec 03)
Appendix B
Predefined Encodings
Standard Encoding (code / SID / name)
0
0
.notdef
21
0
.notdef
42
11
asterisk
1
0
.notdef
22
0
.notdef
43
12
plus
2
0
.notdef
23
0
.notdef
44
13
comma
3
0
.notdef
24
0
.notdef
45
14
hyphen
4
0
.notdef
25
0
.notdef
46
15
period
5
0
.notdef
26
0
.notdef
47
16
slash
6
0
.notdef
27
0
.notdef
48
17
zero
7
0
.notdef
28
0
.notdef
49
18
one
8
0
.notdef
29
0
.notdef
50
19
two
9
0
.notdef
30
0
.notdef
51
20
three
10
0
.notdef
31
0
.notdef
52
21
four
11
0
.notdef
32
1
space
53
22
five
12
0
.notdef
33
2
exclam
54
23
six
13
0
.notdef
34
3
quotedbl
55
24
seven
14
0
.notdef
35
4
numbersign
56
25
eight
15
0
.notdef
36
5
dollar
57
26
nine
16
0
.notdef
37
6
percent
58
27
colon
17
0
.notdef
38
7
ampersand
59
28
semicolon
18
0
.notdef
39
8
quoteright
60
29
less
19
0
.notdef
40
9
parenleft
61
30
equal
20
0
.notdef
41
10
parenright
62
31
greater
37
63
32
question
92
61
backslash
121
90
y
64
33
at
93
62
bracketright
122
91
z
65
34
A
94
63
asciicircum
123
92
braceleft
66
35
B
95
64
underscore
124
93
bar
67
36
C
96
65
quoteleft
125
94
braceright
68
37
D
97
66
a
126
95
asciitilde
69
38
E
98
67
b
127
0
.notdef
70
39
F
99
68
c
128
0
.notdef
71
40
G
100
69
d
129
0
.notdef
72
41
H
101
70
e
130
0
.notdef
73
42
I
102
71
f
131
0
.notdef
74
43
J
103
72
g
132
0
.notdef
75
44
K
104
73
h
133
0
.notdef
76
45
L
105
74
i
134
0
.notdef
77
46
M
106
75
j
135
0
.notdef
78
47
N
107
76
k
136
0
.notdef
79
48
O
108
77
l
137
0
.notdef
80
49
P
109
78
m
138
0
.notdef
81
50
Q
110
79
n
139
0
.notdef
82
51
R
111
80
o
140
0
.notdef
83
52
S
112
81
p
141
0
.notdef
84
53
T
113
82
q
142
0
.notdef
85
54
U
114
83
r
143
0
.notdef
86
55
V
115
84
s
144
0
.notdef
87
56
W
116
85
t
145
0
.notdef
88
57
X
117
86
u
146
0
.notdef
89
58
Y
118
87
v
147
0
.notdef
90
59
Z
119
88
w
148
0
.notdef
91
60
bracketleft
120
89
x
149
0
.notdef
38
Appendix B Predefined Encodings
(4 Dec 03)
150
0
.notdef
179
113
daggerdbl
208
137
emdash
151
0
.notdef
180
114
periodcentered
209
0
.notdef
152
0
.notdef
181
0
.notdef
210
0
.notdef
153
0
.notdef
182
115
paragraph
211
0
.notdef
154
0
.notdef
183
116
bullet
212
0
.notdef
155
0
.notdef
184
117
quotesinglbase
213
0
.notdef
156
0
.notdef
185
118
quotedblbase
214
0
.notdef
157
0
.notdef
186
119
quotedblright
215
0
.notdef
158
0
.notdef
187
120
guillemotright
216
0
.notdef
159
0
.notdef
188
121
ellipsis
217
0
.notdef
160
0
.notdef
189
122
perthousand
218
0
.notdef
161
96
exclamdown
190
0
.notdef
219
0
.notdef
162
97
cent
191
123
questiondown
220
0
.notdef
163
98
sterling
192
0
.notdef
221
0
.notdef
164
99
fraction
193
124
grave
222
0
.notdef
165
100
yen
194
125
acute
223
0
.notdef
166
101
florin
195
126
circumflex
224
0
.notdef
167
102
section
196
127
tilde
225
138
AE
168
103
currency
197
128
macron
226
0
.notdef
169
104
quotesingle
198
129
breve
227
139
ordfeminine
170
105
quotedblleft
199
130
dotaccent
228
0
.notdef
171
106
guillemotleft
200
131
dieresis
229
0
.notdef
172
107
guilsinglleft
201
0
.notdef
230
0
.notdef
173
108
guilsinglright
202
132
ring
231
0
.notdef
174
109
fi
203
133
cedilla
232
140
Lslash
175
110
fl
204
0
.notdef
233
141
Oslash
176
0
.notdef
205
134
hungarumlaut
234
142
OE
177
111
endash
206
135
ogonek
235
143
ordmasculine
178
112
dagger
207
136
caron
236
0
.notdef
39
237
0
.notdef
244
0
.notdef
251
149
germandbls
238
0
.notdef
245
145
dotlessi
252
0
.notdef
239
0
.notdef
246
0
.notdef
253
0
.notdef
240
0
.notdef
247
0
.notdef
254
0
.notdef
241
144
ae
248
146
lslash
255
0
.notdef
242
0
.notdef
249
147
oslash
243
0
.notdef
250
148
oe
ExpertEncoding (code / SID / name )
0
0
.notdef
18
0
.notdef
36
231
dollaroldstyle
1
0
.notdef
19
0
.notdef
37
232
dollarsuperior
2
0
.notdef
20
0
.notdef
38
233
ampersandsmall
3
0
.notdef
21
0
.notdef
39
234
Acutesmall
4
0
.notdef
22
0
.notdef
40
235
parenleftsuperior
5
0
.notdef
23
0
.notdef
41
236
parenrightsuperior
6
0
.notdef
24
0
.notdef
42
237
twodotenleader
7
0
.notdef
25
0
.notdef
43
238
onedotenleader
8
0
.notdef
26
0
.notdef
44
13
comma
9
0
.notdef
27
0
.notdef
45
14
hyphen
10
0
.notdef
28
0
.notdef
46
15
period
11
0
.notdef
29
0
.notdef
47
99
fraction
12
0
.notdef
30
0
.notdef
48
239
zerooldstyle
13
0
.notdef
31
0
.notdef
49
240
oneoldstyle
14
0
.notdef
32
1
space
50
241
twooldstyle
15
0
.notdef
33
229
exclamsmall
51
242
threeoldstyle
16
0
.notdef
34
230
Hungarumlautsmall
52
243
fouroldstyle
17
0
.notdef
35
0
.notdef
53
244
fiveoldstyle
40
Appendix B Predefined Encodings
(4 Dec 03)
54
245
sixoldstyle
83
264
ssuperior
112
289
Psmall
55
246
sevenoldstyle
84
265
tsuperior
113
290
Qsmall
56
247
eightoldstyle
85
0
.notdef
114
291
Rsmall
57
248
nineoldstyle
86
266
ff
115
292
Ssmall
58
27
colon
87
109
fi
116
293
Tsmall
59
28
semicolon
88
110
fl
117
294
Usmall
60
249
commasuperior
89
267
ffi
118
295
Vsmall
61
250
threequartersemdash
90
268
ffl
119
296
Wsmall
62
251
periodsuperior
91
269
parenleftinferior
120
297
Xsmall
63
252
questionsmall
92
0
.notdef
121
298
Ysmall
64
0
.notdef
93
270
parenrightinferior
122
299
Zsmall
65
253
asuperior
94
271
Circumflexsmall
123
300
colonmonetary
66
254
bsuperior
95
272
hyphensuperior
124
301
onefitted
67
255
centsuperior
96
273
Gravesmall
125
302
rupiah
68
256
dsuperior
97
274
Asmall
126
303
Tildesmall
69
257
esuperior
98
275
Bsmall
127
0
.notdef
70
0
.notdef
99
276
Csmall
128
0
.notdef
71
0
.notdef
100
277
Dsmall
129
0
.notdef
72
0
.notdef
101
278
Esmall
130
0
.notdef
73
258
isuperior
102
279
Fsmall
131
0
.notdef
74
0
.notdef
103
280
Gsmall
132
0
.notdef
75
0
.notdef
104
281
Hsmall
133
0
.notdef
76
259
lsuperior
105
282
Ismall
134
0
.notdef
77
260
msuperior
106
283
Jsmall
135
0
.notdef
78
261
nsuperior
107
284
Ksmall
136
0
.notdef
79
262
osuperior
108
285
Lsmall
137
0
.notdef
80
0
.notdef
109
286
Msmall
138
0
.notdef
81
0
.notdef
110
287
Nsmall
139
0
.notdef
82
263
rsuperior
111
288
Osmall
140
0
.notdef
41
141
0
.notdef
170
311
Caronsmall
199
0
.notdef
142
0
.notdef
171
0
.notdef
200
326
zerosuperior
143
0
.notdef
172
312
Dotaccentsmall
201
150
onesuperior
144
0
.notdef
173
0
.notdef
202
164
twosuperior
145
0
.notdef
174
0
.notdef
203
169
threesuperior
146
0
.notdef
175
313
Macronsmall
204
327
foursuperior
147
0
.notdef
176
0
.notdef
205
328
fivesuperior
148
0
.notdef
177
0
.notdef
206
329
sixsuperior
149
0
.notdef
178
314
figuredash
207
330
sevensuperior
150
0
.notdef
179
315
hypheninferior
208
331
eightsuperior
151
0
.notdef
180
0
.notdef
209
332
ninesuperior
152
0
.notdef
181
0
.notdef
210
333
zeroinferior
153
0
.notdef
182
316
Ogoneksmall
211
334
oneinferior
154
0
.notdef
183
317
Ringsmall
212
335
twoinferior
155
0
.notdef
184
318
Cedillasmall
213
336
threeinferior
156
0
.notdef
185
0
.notdef
214
337
fourinferior
157
0
.notdef
186
0
.notdef
215
338
fiveinferior
158
0
.notdef
187
0
.notdef
216
339
sixinferior
159
0
.notdef
188
158
onequarter
217
340
seveninferior
160
0
.notdef
189
155
onehalf
218
341
eightinferior
161
304
exclamdownsmall
190
163
threequarters
219
342
nineinferior
162
305
centoldstyle
191
319
questiondownsmall
220
343
centinferior
163
306
Lslashsmall
192
320
oneeighth
221
344
dollarinferior
164
0
.notdef
193
321
threeeighths
222
345
periodinferior
165
0
.notdef
194
322
fiveeighths
223
346
commainferior
166
307
Scaronsmall
195
323
seveneighths
224
347
Agravesmall
167
308
Zcaronsmall
196
324
onethird
225
348
Aacutesmall
168
309
Dieresissmall
197
325
twothirds
226
349
Acircumflexsmall
169
310
Brevesmall
198
0
.notdef
227
350
Atildesmall
42
Appendix B Predefined Encodings
(4 Dec 03)
228
351
Adieresissmall
238
361
Icircumflexsmall
248
371
Oslashsmall
229
352
Aringsmall
239
362
Idieresissmall
249
372
Ugravesmall
230
353
AEsmall
240
363
Ethsmall
250
373
Uacutesmall
231
354
Ccedillasmall
241
364
Ntildesmall
251
374
Ucircumflexsmall
232
355
Egravesmall
242
365
Ogravesmall
252
375
Udieresissmall
233
356
Eacutesmall
243
366
Oacutesmall
253
376
Yacutesmall
234
357
Ecircumflexsmall
244
367
Ocircumflexsmall
254
377
Thornsmall
235
358
Edieresissmall
245
368
Otildesmall
255
378
Ydieresissmall
236
359
Igravesmall
246
369
Odieresissmall
237
360
Iacutesmall
247
370
OEsmall
43
44
Appendix B Predefined Encodings
(4 Dec 03)
Appendix C
Predefined Charsets
All charsets are presented in GID order beginning with GID 1. (The .notdef glyph is
implicitly GID 0 and is therefore not shown.)
ISOAdobe (SID / name)
1
space
21
four
41
H
2
exclam
22
five
42
I
3
quotedbl
23
six
43
J
4
numbersign
24
seven
44
K
5
dollar
25
eight
45
L
6
percent
26
nine
46
M
7
ampersand
27
colon
47
N
8
quoteright
28
semicolon
48
O
9
parenleft
29
less
49
P
10
parenright
30
equal
50
Q
11
asterisk
31
greater
51
R
12
plus
32
question
52
S
13
comma
33
at
53
T
14
hyphen
34
A
54
U
15
period
35
B
55
V
16
slash
36
C
56
W
17
zero
37
D
57
X
18
one
38
E
58
Y
19
two
39
F
59
Z
20
three
40
G
60
bracketleft
45
61
backslash
93
bar
125
acute
62
bracketright
94
braceright
126
circumflex
63
asciicircum
95
asciitilde
127
tilde
64
underscore
96
exclamdown
128
macron
65
quoteleft
97
cent
129
breve
66
a
98
sterling
130
dotaccent
67
b
99
fraction
131
dieresis
68
c
100
yen
132
ring
69
d
101
florin
133
cedilla
70
e
102
section
134
hungarumlaut
71
f
103
currency
135
ogonek
72
g
104
quotesingle
136
caron
73
h
105
quotedblleft
137
emdash
74
i
106
guillemotleft
138
AE
75
j
107
guilsinglleft
139
ordfeminine
76
k
108
guilsinglright
140
Lslash
77
l
109
fi
141
Oslash
78
m
110
fl
142
OE
79
n
111
endash
143
ordmasculine
80
o
112
dagger
144
ae
81
p
113
daggerdbl
145
dotlessi
82
q
114
periodcentered
146
lslash
83
r
115
paragraph
147
oslash
84
s
116
bullet
148
oe
85
t
117
quotesinglbase
149
germandbls
86
u
118
quotedblbase
150
onesuperior
87
v
119
quotedblright
151
logicalnot
88
w
120
guillemotright
152
mu
89
x
121
ellipsis
153
trademark
90
y
122
perthousand
154
Eth
91
z
123
questiondown
155
onehalf
92
braceleft
124
grave
156
plusminus
46
Appendix C Predefined Charsets
(4 Dec 03)
157
Thorn
181
Egrave
205
atilde
158
onequarter
182
Iacute
206
ccedilla
159
divide
183
Icircumflex
207
eacute
160
brokenbar
184
Idieresis
208
ecircumflex
161
degree
185
Igrave
209
edieresis
162
thorn
186
Ntilde
210
egrave
163
threequarters
187
Oacute
211
iacute
164
twosuperior
188
Ocircumflex
212
icircumflex
165
registered
189
Odieresis
213
idieresis
166
minus
190
Ograve
214
igrave
167
eth
191
Otilde
215
ntilde
168
multiply
192
Scaron
216
oacute
169
threesuperior
193
Uacute
217
ocircumflex
170
copyright
194
Ucircumflex
218
odieresis
171
Aacute
195
Udieresis
219
ograve
172
Acircumflex
196
Ugrave
220
otilde
173
Adieresis
197
Yacute
221
scaron
174
Agrave
198
Ydieresis
222
uacute
175
Aring
199
Zcaron
223
ucircumflex
176
Atilde
200
aacute
224
udieresis
177
Ccedilla
201
acircumflex
225
ugrave
178
Eacute
202
adieresis
226
yacute
179
Ecircumflex
203
agrave
227
ydieresis
180
Edieresis
204
aring
228
zcaron
Expert (SID / name)
1
space
233
ampersandsmall
238
onedotenleader
229
exclamsmall
234
Acutesmall
13
comma
230
Hungarumlautsmall
235
parenleftsuperior
14
hyphen
231
dollaroldstyle
236
parenrightsuperior
15
period
232
dollarsuperior
237
twodotenleader
99
fraction
47
239
zerooldstyle
267
ffi
299
Zsmall
240
oneoldstyle
268
ffl
300
colonmonetary
241
twooldstyle
269
parenleftinferior
301
onefitted
242
threeoldstyle
270
parenrightinferior
302
rupiah
243
fouroldstyle
271
Circumflexsmall
303
Tildesmall
244
fiveoldstyle
272
hyphensuperior
304
exclamdownsmall
245
sixoldstyle
273
Gravesmall
305
centoldstyle
246
sevenoldstyle
274
Asmall
306
Lslashsmall
247
eightoldstyle
275
Bsmall
307
Scaronsmall
248
nineoldstyle
276
Csmall
308
Zcaronsmall
27
colon
277
Dsmall
309
Dieresissmall
28
semicolon
278
Esmall
310
Brevesmall
249
commasuperior
279
Fsmall
311
Caronsmall
250
threequartersemdash
280
Gsmall
312
Dotaccentsmall
251
periodsuperior
281
Hsmall
313
Macronsmall
252
questionsmall
282
Ismall
314
figuredash
253
asuperior
283
Jsmall
315
hypheninferior
254
bsuperior
284
Ksmall
316
Ogoneksmall
255
centsuperior
285
Lsmall
317
Ringsmall
256
dsuperior
286
Msmall
318
Cedillasmall
257
esuperior
287
Nsmall
158
onequarter
258
isuperior
288
Osmall
155
onehalf
259
lsuperior
289
Psmall
163
threequarters
260
msuperior
290
Qsmall
319
questiondownsmall
261
nsuperior
291
Rsmall
320
oneeighth
262
osuperior
292
Ssmall
321
threeeighths
263
rsuperior
293
Tsmall
322
fiveeighths
264
ssuperior
294
Usmall
323
seveneighths
265
tsuperior
295
Vsmall
324
onethird
266
ff
296
Wsmall
325
twothirds
109
fi
297
Xsmall
326
zerosuperior
110
fl
298
Ysmall
150
onesuperior
48
Appendix C Predefined Charsets
(4 Dec 03)
164
twosuperior
343
centinferior
361
Icircumflexsmall
169
threesuperior
344
dollarinferior
362
Idieresissmall
327
foursuperior
345
periodinferior
363
Ethsmall
328
fivesuperior
346
commainferior
364
Ntildesmall
329
sixsuperior
347
Agravesmall
365
Ogravesmall
330
sevensuperior
348
Aacutesmall
366
Oacutesmall
331
eightsuperior
349
Acircumflexsmall
367
Ocircumflexsmall
332
ninesuperior
350
Atildesmall
368
Otildesmall
333
zeroinferior
351
Adieresissmall
369
Odieresissmall
334
oneinferior
352
Aringsmall
370
OEsmall
335
twoinferior
353
AEsmall
371
Oslashsmall
336
threeinferior
354
Ccedillasmall
372
Ugravesmall
337
fourinferior
355
Egravesmall
373
Uacutesmall
338
fiveinferior
356
Eacutesmall
374
Ucircumflexsmall
339
sixinferior
357
Ecircumflexsmall
375
Udieresissmall
340
seveninferior
358
Edieresissmall
376
Yacutesmall
341
eightinferior
359
Igravesmall
377
Thornsmall
342
nineinferior
360
Iacutesmall
378
Ydieresissmall
Expert Subset (SID / name)
1
space
239
zerooldstyle
28
semicolon
231
dollaroldstyle
240
oneoldstyle
249
commasuperior
232
dollarsuperior
241
twooldstyle
250
threequartersemdash
235
parenleftsuperior
242
threeoldstyle
251
periodsuperior
236
parenrightsuperior
243
fouroldstyle
253
asuperior
237
twodotenleader
244
fiveoldstyle
254
bsuperior
238
onedotenleader
245
sixoldstyle
255
centsuperior
13
comma
246
sevenoldstyle
256
dsuperior
14
hyphen
247
eightoldstyle
257
esuperior
15
period
248
nineoldstyle
258
isuperior
99
fraction
27
colon
259
lsuperior
49
260
msuperior
314
figuredash
330
sevensuperior
261
nsuperior
315
hypheninferior
331
eightsuperior
262
osuperior
158
onequarter
332
ninesuperior
263
rsuperior
155
onehalf
333
zeroinferior
264
ssuperior
163
threequarters
334
oneinferior
265
tsuperior
320
oneeighth
335
twoinferior
266
ff
321
threeeighths
336
threeinferior
109
fi
322
fiveeighths
337
fourinferior
110
fl
323
seveneighths
338
fiveinferior
267
ffi
324
onethird
339
sixinferior
268
ffl
325
twothirds
340
seveninferior
269
parenleftinferior
326
zerosuperior
341
eightinferior
270
parenrightinferior
150
onesuperior
342
nineinferior
272
hyphensuperior
164
twosuperior
343
centinferior
300
colonmonetary
169
threesuperior
344
dollarinferior
301
onefitted
327
foursuperior
345
periodinferior
302
rupiah
328
fivesuperior
346
commainferior
305
centoldstyle
329
sixsuperior
50
Appendix C Predefined Charsets
(4 Dec 03)
Appendix D
Example CFF Font
This appendix illustrates the CFF format with an example font.
The font shown is a subset with just the .notdef and space
glyphs of the Times* font program that has been renamed. This
font has no subrs and uses predefined encoding and charset.
Binary dump (147 bytes):
0000000 0100 0401 0001 0101 1341 4243 4445 462b |?.??.????ABCDEF+|
0000010 5469 6d65 732d 526f 6d61 6e00 0101 011f |Times-Roman.????|
0000020 f81b 00f8 1c02 f81d 03f8 1904 1c6f 000d |??.??????????o.?|
0000030 fb3c fb6e fa7c fa16 05e9 11b8 f112 0003 |?<?n?|????????.?|
0000040 0101 0813 1830 3031 2e30 3037 5469 6d65 |?????001.007Time|
0000050 7320 526f 6d61 6e54 696d 6573 0000 0002 |s RomanTimes...?|
0000060 0101 0203 0e0e 7d99 f92a 99fb 7695 f773 |??????}??*??v??s|
0000070 8b06 f79a 93fc 7c8c 077d 99f8 5695 f75e |??????|??}??V??^|
0000080 9908 fb6e 8cf8 7393 f710 8b09 a70a df0b |???n??s?????????|
0000090 f78e 14 |??? |
51
Annotated dump:
### Header (00000000)
major =1
minor =0
hdrSize=4
offSize=1
### Name INDEX (00000004)
count =1
offSize=1
--- offset[index]=value
[0]=1 [1]=19
--- object[index]=<value>
[0]=<ABCDEF+Times-Roman>
### Top DICT INDEX (0000001b)
count =1
offSize=1
--- offset[index]=value
[0]=1 [1]=31
--- object[index]=<value>
[0]=<391 version 392 FullName 393 FamilyName 389 Weight 28416
UniqueID -168 -218 1000 898 FontBBox 94 CharStrings 45 102 Private>
### String INDEX (0000003e)
count =3
offSize=1
--- offset[index]=value
[0]=1 [1]=8 [2]=19 [3]=24
--- object[index]=<value>
[0]=<001.007> [1]=<Times Roman> [2]=<Times>
### Global Subrs INDEX (0000005c)
count =0
### CharStrings INDEX (0000005e)
count =2
offSize=1
--- offset[index]=value
[0]=1 [1]=2 [2]=3
--- object[index]=<value>
[0]=<endchar> [1]=<endchar>
### Private DICT (00000066)
-14 14 662 14 -226 10 223 0 BlueValues 262 8 -488 1 OtherBlues
-14 14 450 10 202 14 FamilyBlues -218 1 479 8 124 0 FamilyOtherBlues
28 StdHW 84 StdVW 250 defaultWidthX
52
Appendix D Example CFF Font
(4 Dec 03)
Appendix E
PostScript File Structure
CFF data is enclosed in a wrapper and treated as a file when used
by a PostScript interpreter that supports the FontSet resource. The
wrapper allows the file to be directly executed by the interpreter,
and permits insertion or removal by a DSC (Document Structuring
Convention)-aware driver. A well-formatted FontSet file has the
following structure:
%!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-FontSet
%%DocumentNeededResources: ProcSet (FontSetInit)
%%EndComments
%%IncludeResource: ProcSet (FontSetInit)
%%BeginResource: FontSet (<fontsetname>)
%%Title: (FontSet/<fontsetname>)
%%Version: <realversion> [<intrevision>]
/FontSetInit /ProcSet findresource begin
%%BeginData: <m> Binary Bytes
/<fontsetname> <n> StartData<space><n-binary-data-bytes>
%%EndData
%%EndResource
%%EOF
A single space (0x20) follows the StartData procedure call which is
followed immediately by <n> binary data bytes. Note that the
%%EndData DSC comment must be preceded by a newline
character (that is not part of the binary data) so that it is correctly
parsed. The count <m> in the %%BeginData: DSC is greater than
that used by the StartData procedure call by the number of
characters in the call itself.
All the (0) offsets in the <binary data> are relative to the start of
the <binary data>. That is, the byte following the space that
terminates StartData is numbered 0.
53
54
Appendix E PostScript File Structure
(4 Dec 03)
Appendix F
Embedded PostScript
A Top DICT may contain at most one embedded PostScript oper-
ator. It must be in the main font dictionary, not in the Private
dictionary. If present, this string is executed after the font dictio-
nary has been completely constructed, but before definefont. At
that time, the interpreter:
• Pushes the top-level font dictionary (that is under construc-
tion) on the dictionary stack;
• Executes the PostScript string;
• Pops the dictionary stack.
At the time of execution, the FontInfo, Encoding, CharStrings,
and all other elements of the font dictionary have been defined,
including ones that are set to default values. (There is no Private
dictionary, however. In CFF, the Private dictionary is never pro-
cessed as PostScript, so there is no opportunity for embedded
PostScript to alter it.)
A CFF CIDFont may contain an embedded PostScript operator in
the Top DICT or in any FDs.
If it is in the Top DICT, the embedded PostScript string is pro-
cessed as described above. This occurs after the font dictionary
has been completely constructed (including all FDArray sub-dic-
tionaries), but before definefont.
If it is in one of the nested sub-dictionaries in the FDArray, it is
executed after the sub-dictionary has been completely con-
structed (including default values), but before it has been incor-
porated as an element of the main font dictionary. The sub-
dictionary is on the dictionary stack; there is no way to access the
main dictionary.
55
A CFF consumer that does not interpret PostScript can ignore the
embedded PostScript string. The font should still work, but with-
out the feature that the embedded PostScript would have acti-
vated.
When OpenType fonts are converted into CFF for embedding in
a document, the font embedding information specified by the
FSType bits, and the type of the original font, should be included
in the resulting file. (See Technical Note #5147: “Font Embed-
ding Guidelines for Adobe Third-party Developers,” for more
information.)
The embedding information is added to the Top DICT using the
PostScript operator (12 21) with a SID operand. The SID points to
a string containing the PostScript commands and arguments in
the String INDEX. The following is an example of the PostScript
that might be included:
/FSType 8 def /OrigFontType /OpenType def
56
Appendix F Embedded PostScript
(4 Dec 03)
Appendix G
Related Documentation
The following documents may be consulted for further
information on Adobe font technology. All are available at
http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/technotes.html.
• Adobe Type 1 Font Format. Addison-Wesley, 1991; ISBN 0-
201-57044-0.
• PostScript Language Reference, Third Edition. Addison-
Wesley, 1999; ISBN 0-201-37922-8.
• Technical Note #5014: “Adobe CMap and CIDFont Files
Specification.”
• Technical Note #5015: “The Type 1 Font Format
Supplement.” This document contains all updates to the
Type 1 format.
• Technical Note #5040: “Supporting Downloadable PostScript
Fonts.” Describes how Type 1 fonts have traditionally been
packaged for use in the Macintosh® and Windows®
environments – specifically, the use of POST resources for
Macintosh fonts and the PFB compressed binary format for
Windows fonts.
• Technical Note #5088: “Font Naming Issues.” In addition to a
discussion of general font name issues, this document
explains the naming conventions for multiple master fonts.
• Technical Note #5092: “CID-Keyed Font File Format
Overview.”
• Technical Note #5177: “Type 2 Charstring Format.”
57
• Technical Note #5147: “Font Embedding Guidelines for
Adobe Third-party Developers.”
58
Appendix G Related Documentation
(4 Dec 03)
Appendix H
CFF DICT Encoding
One-byte CFF DICT Operators
Dec
Hex
Operator
Dec
Hex
Operator
0
00
version
18
12
Private
1
01
Notice
19
13
Subrs
2
02
FullName
20
14
defaultWidthX
3
03
FamilyName
21
15
nominalWidthX
4
04
Weight
22
16
-Reserved-
5
05
FontBBox
23
17
-Reserved-
6
06
BlueValues
24
18
-Reserved-
7
07
OtherBlues
25
19
-Reserved-
8
08
FamilyBlues
26
1a
-Reserved-
9
09
FamilyOtherBlues
27
1b
-Reserved-
10
0a
StdHW
282
1c
shortint
11
0b
StdVW
29
1d
longint
121
0c
escape
30
1e
BCD
13
0d
UniqueID
31
1f
-Reserved-
14
0e
XUID
32–246
20–f6
<numbers>
15
0f
charset
247–2543
f7–fe
<numbers>
16
10
Encoding
255
ff
-Reserved-
17
11
CharStrings
1. First byte of a 2-byte operator.
2. First byte of a 3-byte sequence specifying a number.
3. First byte of a 2-byte sequence specifying a number.
59
Two-byte CFF DICT Operators
Dec
Hex
Operator
Dec
Hex
Operator
12 0
0c 00
Copyright
12 21
0c 15
PostScript
12 1
0c 01
isFixedPitch
12 22
0c 16
BaseFontName
12 2
0c 02
ItalicAngle
12 23
0c 17
BaseFontBlend
12 3
0c 03
UnderlinePosition
12 24
0c 18
-Reserved-
12 4
0c 04
UnderlineThickness
12 25
0c 19
-Reserved-
12 5
0c 05
PaintType
12 26
0c 1a
-Reserved-
12 6
0c 06
CharstringType
12 27
0c 1b
-Reserved-
12 7
0c 07
FontMatrix
12 28
0c 1c
-Reserved-
12 8
0c 08
StrokeWidth
12 29
0c 1d
-Reserved-
12 9
0c 09
BlueScale
12 30
0c 1e
ROS
12 10
0c 0a
BlueShift
12 31
0c 1f
CIDFontVersion
12 11
0c 0b
BlueFuzz
12 32
0c 20
CIDFontRevision
12 12
0c 0c
StemSnapH
12 33
0c 21
CIDFontType
12 13
0c 0d
StemSnapV
12 34
0c 22
CIDCount
12 14
0c 0e
ForceBold
12 35
0c 23
UIDBase
12 15
0c 0f
-Reserved-
12 36
0c 24
FDArray
12 16
0c 10
-Reserved-
12 37
0c 25
FDSelect
12 17
0c 11
LanguageGroup
12 38
0c 26
FontName
12 18
0c 12
ExpansionFactor
12 39–
0c 27–
12 255
0c ff
-Reserved-
12 19
0c 13
initialRandomSeed
12 20
0c 14
SyntheticBase
60
Appendix H CFF DICT Encoding
(4 Dec 03)
Appendix I
Changes Since Earlier
Versions
The following changes and revisions have been made since the
initial publication date of 18 November 1996.
Changes in the 4 December 2003 document
• Appendix D, Embedded PostScript – added information
about how to include FSType information when OpenType
fonts are converted into CFF.
Changes in the 16 March 2000 document
• Removed all material about multiple master and chameleon
fonts.
• Section 4, DICT Data – specified the order of nibble data
stored in a byte; also specified the range of values in the first
byte of an operator or operand that can be used to
distinguish between operators and operands.
• Section 12, Encodings – clarified that glyphs not specified by
custom or predefined encodings are, by definition,
unencoded.
• Section 15, Private DICT Data – added statement that Private
DICT is required, but may be specified as having 0 length.
• Section 15, Private DICT Data – removed entries for
ForceBoldThreshhold and lenIV from Table 23.
• Section 17, PS File Structure – moved this section to Appendix
E; the previous Appendix E and all subsequent appendices
moved accordingly.
• Section 18, Copyright and Trademark Notices – removed
entire section.
61
• Section 22, FDSelect – added clarification of the values of
GIDs.
• Added appendix summarizing CFF DICT encoding.
Note
The version number of the format has not changed for this revision.
Changes in the 18 March 1998 document
• Table 25, it was noted that the only value supported for
lenIV is –1.
• Section 13, Charsets – statement added that CID fonts must
not use predefined charsets.
• Section 22, FDSelect – first paragraph; the FD index is used to
access one of the Font DICTs stored in the Font DICT INDEX
(not the previously stated “FDArray”).
Changes in the 15 October 1997 document
• Minor changes were made to clarify existing text.
• In Table 2, the string id range was changed to 0–64999.
• In Table 9, the default for the FontBBox array was specified as
“0 0 0 0”.
• The specification of multiple master fonts was changed in
several sections.
• Section 17, PostScript File Structure – corrections made to
DSC comments.
• Section 19, Synthetic Fonts – new capability added to specify
encodings for synthetic fonts.
• Appendix D, Example CFF Font – corrected operator name in
example; FamilyBlueValues changed to FamilyBlues.
Changes in the 16 December 1996 document
A variety of minor changes were made to clarify existing text;
the technical content was not affected.
62
Appendix I Changes Since Earlier Versions
(4 Dec 03)
Document Outline
