Gatefold Final

Premier Issue 2001
Women & Dentistry Reports
A Global Dialogue
echnology has tra n s formed how we for Education and Culture
c o m m u n i c a te with each other, and ( w w w. d e n te d . o r g ),
with
the marketplace is energized by more than 100 partners in Europe and
T
global competition. It is no surprise then that links to the American Dental Education Asso-
global healthis a more acceptable term now than it ciation, was completed last September. A new
was in the past. Issues surrounding health and 3-year thematic project, DentEd Evolves, has
disease transcend geographic boundaries and, as been approved by the EU, and includes a
health pro fessionals, we are responsible fo r Global Congress on Dental Education. There is
exchanging and sharing our own know l e d g e a challenge to think outside the box if we can
and expertise with others around the wo r l d .
open our eyes to the opportunity to compare
Unless we consider and contrast experiences across cultures.
gender issues in all aspects
While leadership opportunities in denta l
of oral health, including education or re s e a rch recognize no gender
health pro fessionals’ edu- restrictions, this is a time for women’s leadership
cation, practice, use of styles to shine. Women more frequently display
services and products by elements of negotiation, analytic listening, cre a t-
the public, and all the ing ambient environments, collaboration, and
a s s o c i a ted re s e a rch, we nurturing than men, yet it ta kes both genders to
will miss real opportuni- work together within our local or national con-
ties to advance the quality texts. There are many opportunities to raise gen-
of ove rall leadership in der issues on the global level and to ex p l o re and
o ral health. Women, as a p p re c i a te what we can learn from each other. If
leaders in many of these issues, can embrace these the momentum of sharing is primarily a fe m i n i n e
opportunities for finding new solutions.
c h a ra c teristic, it is also a great stre n g t h .
As contact increases among dental educa-
Lois K. Cohen, PhD
tors, the understanding and appreciation of dif-
Associate Director for International Health
fe rent approaches to teaching and learning
Director, Office of International Health
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
increases as well. DentEd, a project support-
National Institutes of Health
Lois.Cohen@nih.gov
ed by the European Union’s (EU) Directorate
© 2001.Medical World Business Press,Inc.
A Supplement to The Compendium
Dental Learning Systems

Two New Reports Focus on
Premier Issue 2001
GREETINGS FROM AROUND THE GLOBE
RESOURCES
Sex and Health
LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT
“Exploring the Biological Contributions to
Human Health—Does Sex Matter?” is a National
Academy of Sciences Institute of Medicine (IOM)
CHINA
In China, women dentists comprise more than 50% of dental professionals. For instance, in
omen’s health is a critical component of the
Committee report on understanding the biology
Our Life: Destiny or Choice?
Welcome
the School of Stomatology at Peking University, 53% of the faculty and 66% of the dental students are
research funded by the National Institute of
of sex and gender differences. The committee was
ometimes we think that life is something that occurs outside our-
W
women. In general, Chinese women dentists enjoy equality with men dentists. Women head many den-
Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR).
charged with considering biology at cellular,
The impetus for improving
selves, and that the future is something that occurs to us. Others
tal departments, practicing everything from pedodontics, a specialty that requires patience and caring,
Conditions unique to, that disproportionately affect, or pre-
developmental, organ, organism, and behavioral
communication among women
S
levels. The report’s conclusions were made from
to oral maxillofacial surgery, where decisiveness, endurance, and physical strength are needed. However,
sent differently in women are addressed.
think that the future is a time that never occurs. Every moment is
scientific experts across diverse disciplines:
dentists has come from the women
only a relatively small portion of women reach a certain level of leadership, such as dean of a dental
The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders
an opportunity to decide what kind of life we choose. If we choose the
o Sex matters—it is an important basic human
Women & Dentistry Reports
themselves. A collaborative ap-
school or director of a stomatological hospital. Among the 37 existing stomatological schools in China,
(TMDs) is higher in women. A series of studies is investi-
variable to be considered in health research.
first interpretation, we will have to cope with whatever the circum-
Cai Fang Cao, DDS, MS
fewer than 5 schools have women deans, although a number of other schools have women associate
gating the effects of the menstrual cycle, female hormone lev-
o The study of sex differences is evolving into a
proach emanated from a desire to
stances are. We will feel like victims of what is hap-
School of Stomatology
mature science.
deans. As Mao Ze Dong said some 60 years ago: “Women hold half of the sky.” Women dentists have
els, pregnancy, and other gender-related factors on the
Peking University
build a network of information,
pening. If we choose the second interpretation,
A Global Dialogue
appearance and severity of TMDs. The hormones estrogen
o Barriers to the advancement of knowledge
contributed much in the past, yet we could and should do even better in the new millennium.
cfcao@public.east.cn.net
about sex differences in health and illness still
communication, resources, and
we can use everything that happens as a tool to
and relaxin, which have a role in loosening the pelvic girdle
exist and must be eliminated.
mentoring. Candidness and open-
INDIA
Since winning independence from Britain in 1947, dentistry in India has seen a slow influx of women. We now have
during pregnancy, are being studied to determine if they pro-
achieve what we
The full text of the IOM publication is available
Elena G. Espinal, DDS, MS, DF
135 dental colleges with open entrance, and an exclusive all-girls’ dental college that admits 100 students per year. Out of
mote systemic joint laxity. Investigators are also exploring the relationship between
at www.nap.edu/catalog/10028.html.
echnology has transformed how we for Education and Culture
ness to communicate leadership
want. We can be the Partner
ParaComm, an international
50,000 registered dental surgeons, 11,000 are women. During the last 7 years, admissions in dental
these conditions and fibromyalgia and other pain conditions.
issues centered around women in
creators, the leaders of
Abha Bali, BDS(Bom), FRSH
communicate with each other, and (www.dented.org), with
consulting company
colleges have shown an almost equal number of boys and girls—for girls interested in pursuing sci-
(London), MPH
Biological differences between men and women have been identified
dentistry and women’s health per-
our own life. We can touch
the marketplace is energized by more than 100 partners in Europe and
T
Mexico
elenaespinal@hotmail.com
ence as a career, dentistry is a major preference. More and more women are doing their postgraduate
Surgeon
that may contribute to gender-based differences in pain conditions. Findings
“The Surgeon General’s Call to Action to
meate this new publication,
the lives of others and make a difference.
Bali Medical & Dental Centre
global competition. It is no surprise then that links to the American Dental Education Asso-
programs. Women are now principals and deans of dental colleges. The women of India have come a
from one study suggest that sex hormones may heighten pain sensitivity in women dur-
India
Promote Sexual Health and Responsible Sexual
Women & Dentistry Reports: A
Leaders declare a reality that doesn’t exist, and make it happen. We
Behaviors,” released in June 2001, includes strate-
global healthis a more acceptable term now than it ciation, was completed last September. A new
long way, but there is still much to be achieved.
rkbali@bol.net.in
ing their reproductive years. Imaging studies reveal variations between men and
Global Dialogue.
create our life in language, through conversations that we live in,
women in the distribution of opioid receptors in the central nervous system.
gies focused on increasing awareness, implement-
was in the past. Issues surrounding health and 3-year thematic project, DentEd Evolves, has
ing and strengthening interventions, and expand-
through conversations with others. That is the difference between
I
A longitudinal study of subjects in the NIH Women’s Health
Colgate-Palmolive is proud to
PSEITY DO-DA
disease transcend geographic boundaries and, as been approved by the EU, and includes a
ALL RIGHT, EVERYBODY OUT OF THE BOX!
ing the research base relating to sexual health. The
Initiative is examining the relationship between mandibular bone and
surviving or living the life we have chosen: Living through a vision.
report is a call to begin a mature, thoughtful, and
gather and share the knowledge,
hip bone loss.
health professionals, we are responsible for Global Congress on Dental Education. There is
Preliminary findings have shown that individuals with hip bone
respectful discussion nationwide about sexuality.
That is the challenge of this millennium.
scientific content, and topics rele-
pseity – (n.) personal identity
Paradigm Shift
Tangible
mineral densities (BMDs) greater than one standard deviation below the reference
According to the report:
exchanging and sharing our own knowledge a challenge to think outside the box if we can
Leaders are not born. Leaders learn to BE.
and individuality; selfhood.
vant to the global community. We
From mass products for mass mar-
If a site doesn’t offer something that
value for young healthy women had higher rates of progressive oral bone destruction
o We face a serious public health challenge
and expertise with others around the world.
open our eyes to the opportunity to compare
The technical side of Web
regarding the sexual health of our nation.
encourage you to contact us with
kets to mass customization for individu-
makes life more convenient, valuable, or—
I
than women with BMDs within one standard deviation of normal.
Unless we consider and contrast experiences across cultures.
“Rational people adapt themselves to the circum-
site publishing is a complicated
o An estimated 800,000 to 900,000 people are
als, patients have more specific demands,
at the very least—fun, then getting all the
Autoimmune disorders, such as Sjögren’s syndrome, disproportionately
your comments. If you wish to
living with HIV in the United States, with
stances. Irrational people adapt circumstances to
task better left to professional Web
gender issues in all aspects
While leadership opportunities in dental
ask more informed questions, and are
commas in the right place won’t make any
affect women. “Dry mouth,” one of the manifestations of Sjögren’s syndrome, results
approximately 40,000 new HIV infections
submit an article, contact Dr.
themselves. Progress depends on irrational people.”
developers. However, Web site owners
of oral health, including education or research recognize no gender
more knowledgeable about dental pro-
difference. Don’t keep visitors “trapped”
in an inability to moisten foods and initiate the digestive process. Research has led to the
every year.
Yolanda Bonta at 732-878-7601
—George B. Shaw
should focus on conceptualizing their
cedures and products.
on your site. Live hyperlinks to relevant
development of drugs like pilocarpine hydrochloride, which improves salivary flow in
o Strategies include adequate training in sexual
health professionals’ edu- restrictions, this is a time for women’s leadership
Web plan by capitalizing on the follow-
or yolanda_bonta@colpal.com.
S
health to all professionals who deal with sex-
tyle
outside sites can encourage return visits.
affected glands. Current work with animals is focusing on gene replacement therapy to
cation, practice, use of styles to shine. Women more frequently display
Selected Reading
Business Web sites:
ing principles of Internet “ipseity”:
ual issues in their work.
Y
restore lost salivary gland function. In addition, studies are under way to develop an
Man’s Search for Meaning
www.team-work.com
I
Who is your target patient? What is
ahoo
o There is a need to invest in research related to
services and products by elements of negotiation, analytic listening, creat-
nformation Centered
“artificial” salivary gland that can be implanted into various oral tissues.
their “mind-set”? Who you are trying to
Last but not least, there is “yahoo.”
Yolanda Bonta, DMD, MS, MS
sexual health.
Viktor E. Frankl
www.icpweb.com.ar
the public, and all the ing ambient environments, collaboration, and
Information is power and niche is nice.
For additional information on the NIDCR and women’s health research, select-
Director of Technology
attract to your practice will determine
First coined by author Jonathan Swift in
The report is available on the Surgeon General’s
Global Professional Marketing
A Brief History of Everything
The Internet is an ideal channel for provid-
ed Web sites of interest include: o National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial
associated research, we nurturing than men, yet it takes both genders to
the style of your Web site. Keep it as sim-
Gulliver’s Travels, a yahoo is a tough, tena-
Web site: www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/
Colgate-Palmolive Company
Ken Wilber
Favorites:
ing niche content to a niche community.
Research www.nidcr.nih.gov
sexualhealth/default.htm
ple as possible and remember that the
cious, roughneck individual. The ipseity
will miss real opportuni- work together within our local or national con-
Dushanka Kleinman, DDS, MScD
Living Deliberately: The Discovery
www.hbsp.harvard.edu
Devote your mental resources toward mar-
“less is more” principle is critical.
of the Internet will always have an ele-
Deputy Director, NIDCR
o Office of Research on Women’s Health, National
Jeanne C. Sinkford, DDS, PhD
ties to advance the quality texts. There are many opportunities to raise gen-
®
and Development of Avatar
www.leadership.com
keting to a niche dental community with a
Chief Dental Officer, USPHS
E
Associate Executive Director and Director
volving
ment of “yahooness.”
Institutes of Health www4.od.nih.gov/orwh
This series is sponsored by
National Institutes of Health
Center for Equity and Diversity
of overall leadership in der issues on the global level and to explore and
Harry Palmer
content need that isn’t yet met.
Leverage success by expanding your
Embrace the Internet’s ipseity. Your
Washington, DC
o TMD Interagency Working Group
American Dental Education Association
oral health. Women, as appreciate what we can learn from each other. If
Dushanka.Kleinman@nih.gov
Web site based on the most-down-
Web site can reaffirm your own “bigger
www.nidcr.nih.gov/tmdiwg
sinkfordj@adea.org
leaders in many of these issues, can embrace these the momentum of sharing is primarily a feminine
loaded pages. Publishing a Web site is a
picture.” Discovering your site’s ipseity is
Publisher and President, Daniel Perkins; Vice President of Sales and Associate Publisher, Anthony A. Angelini; Senior Managing Editor, Allison W. Walker; Associate Projects Editor, Lisa
opportunities for finding new solutions.
characteristic, it is also a great strength.
dynamic, ever-changing process. It’s OK
the most difficult task in Web develop-
HIV/AIDS: Impact on the African American Community
M. Neuman; Projects Director, Eileen R. Henry-Lewis; Copy Editors, Barbara Marino and Susan Costello; Design Director, Special Projects, Liz Arendt; Circulation Director, Jackie
to stay a step behind the cutting edge of
ment, but it is worth the effort.
Hubler; Northeast Regional Sales Manager, Jeff Gordon; Western Regional Sales Manager, Michael Gee; Executive and Advertising Offices, Dental Learning Systems, 241 Forsgate Drive,
As contact increases among dental educa-
Jamesburg, NJ 08831-1676, Phone (732) 656-1143, Fax (732) 656-1148.
Lois K. Cohen, PhD
HIV has had a devastating impact on African Americans. In the United States, almost 70% of HIV cases in
Web-publishing technology. There’s a
Optimizing these principles will fuel
Send correspondence regarding subscriptions and address changes to the Circulation Department of Dental Learning Systems.
tors, the understanding and appreciation of dif-
Associate Director for International Health
women occur among black women. AIDS, which results from HIV infection, has become a leading cause of
reason it’s called the “bleeding edge.”
your conceptual energy. All right, every-
Postmaster: Send address changes to The Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry®, Attn: Data Control, One Broad Avenue, Fairview, NJ 07022-1570.
The Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry® (ISSN 0894-1009) is published 14 times per year with two issues in July and October by Medical World Business Press, Inc., 241 Forsgate
ferent approaches to teaching and learning
Director, Office of International Health
death of African Americans between the ages of 25 and 44. Denial regarding how the disease is spread, par-
I
body out of the box!
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
mmediacy
Drive, Jamesburg, NJ 08831-1676. Periodicals postage paid at Monroe Township, NJ, and additional entry offices. Subscription rate for 1 year: US, $102.00; Canada, $129.00; foreign, $139.00 (sur-
Next issue: 8 steps to creating your Web site
face); single issue, $8.50. Submit payment in US funds. Copyright © 2001. Medical World Business Press, Inc./A division of Medical World Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of
increases as well. DentEd, a project support-
National Institutes of Health
ticularly among heterosexuals, and stigmatization about the disease continue to be barriers to effective pre-
Time is compressed. Don’t make visi-
this issue may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher. Medical World Communications Corporate Officers: Chairman/CEO, John J. Hennessy; President,
Lois.Cohen@nih.gov
Curtis Pickelle; Chief Financial Officer, Steven J. Resnick; Vice President, Business & Development, Robert Issler; Vice President of Manufacturing, Frank A. Lake.
ed by the European Union’s (EU) Directorate
Cynthia E. Hodge, DMD, MPH
vention campaigns within African American communities. Aggressive cul-
tors download the latest Netscape® version
Sarah J. Dirks, DDS
Printed in the USA
D465
Assistant Professor
Fellow in Minority Health
to view your site! Bandwidth-hogging
tural and ethnic-specific educational campaigns, focusing on prevention,
Department of Dental Technology
School of Public Health
graphics will do nothing but frustrate visi-
University of Texas San Antonio
®
Harvard University
are needed to curb the current spread of HIV within this population.
© 2001. Medical World Business Press, Inc.
sdirks@dentalbytes.com
cynthodge@cs.com
tors. Don’t hyperlink visitors into a hole.
A Supplement to The Compendium
Dental Learning Systems
This series is sponsored by
www.colgate.com
(Adapted from: Compend Cont Ed Dent 22 (special issue 3):52-55, 2001.)

Global Congress a Success
PRACTICE NOTES: OLDER ADULTS WITH DEMENTIA
EDUCATION REPORT CARD
DENTOFEMINIZATION
“Global Congress on Dental Education” was held in Prague, Czech Republic, March
28-April 1, 2001, under the auspices of DentEd Evolves, a thematic network project
of the European Union’s Directorate of Education and Culture. The American Dental
n a study of older adults with
munication abilities, and the patient’s
which a toothbrush is placed in the
llied dental health care pro-
require education in ADA-accredited
of dentists-to-population on oral health
he significant gender distribu-
Gender Distribution of Candidates, Enrollees, and Postgraduates Under New Legislation
A Education Association (www.adea.org)and Association for Dental Education in
dementia living in Adelaide,
coronal and root caries risk status. It is
hands of the person with dementia.3
viders have been an inte-
programs.
care disease prevention and the role
tion change in dentistry in
Candidates
Enrollees
Postgraduates
Europe (tmk.odont.ku.dk/adee), with corporate sponsors such as Colgate-Palmolive, con-
A
T
Year
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
Women
Australia, the rates of past caries
essential to thoroughly investigate the
gral part of the dental team
Dental hygiene programs enroll-
allied dental care providers can play in
1997
23
73
7
36
14
92
tributed resources and expertise in planning and conducting the Congress. The primary objective
References
Bulgaria is occurring within a
I
1. Chalmers JM: The oral health of older adults with dementia.
since the turn of the 19th century, and
ment increased 9.5% from 1995-1999,
oral health care.
1998
30
55
9
23
16
58
was to pool intellectual resources, experience, innovations, and best practices for the benefit of
and the development of new
patient’s historic and current stages of
radically changing social, political, and
[PhD thesis]. Adelaide, Australia; Adelaide University,
women have traditionally dominated
indicating an increased interest in the
1999
40
67
17
18
10
44
(Adapted from: Haden NK, Morr KE, Valachovic RW:
industrialized and emerging countries of the world.
caries were both found to be high. This
dementia, medical condition comorbidi-
2001.
2000
63
82
14
22
10
31
allied dental careers. Allied dental edu-
profession, probably driven by strong
economic environment. Because of these
Trends in allied dental education: an analysis of the past
Five thematic groups addressed different facets of globalization in academic dentistry. These
research also identified that the onset of
ty, medication history, polypharmacy,
2. Chalmers JM, Levy SM, Buckwalter KC, et al: Factors
and a look to the future. J Dent Educ 65(5):480-495, 2001.)
changes, dentists became an autonomous professional group. They had the
influencing nurses’ aides’ provision of oral care for nurs-
cation’s history includes
workforce demand and competitive
included “Cognition and the Dental Student,” “Assessment and Continuous Quality Improvement,”
severe coronal and root caries, as well as
adverse effects of medications, function-
ing facility residents. Spec Care Dentist 16(2):71-79, 1996.
a transition from
salaries. The allied dental workforce may
ability to practice freely, but they faced a severe lack of security in their pro-
Lydia Katrova, MPH, PhD
“Recruitment and Maintenance of an Effective Faculty,” and “The Virtual Potential and Future Challenges.” Topics discussed within
high plaque levels, in cognitively
al status (activities of daily living), social
3. Chalmers JM: Behavior management and communica-
Department of Public Health
apprenticeships
be called on for innovative approaches to
Full-time Enrollment in Dental Hygiene
fessional and personal lives. Women dentists were successful in adapting to
Faculty of Stomatology
each theme ranged from the science of cognition and related assessment methods; future challenges in research; demography of oral
impaired older adults generally starts in
support, financial status, nutritional
tion strategies for dental professionals when caring for
(DH) and Dental Assisting (DA)
and proprietary
improving access to oral health care and
Sofia, Bulgaria
patients with dementia. Spec Care Dentist 20(4):147-
Programs by Ethnicity: 1998/99
the new conditions and to their development as private practitioners.
diseases; ethics and equity; and the potential of a shared global repository of interactive Web-based learning programs.
the moderate-to-late stages of dementia,
problems, swallowing problems, as well
gkatrov@netbg.com
154, 2000.
school settings to
reducing oral health care disparities.
The Congress included 243 participants representing over 160 dental
Ethnicity
DH
DA
o Women comprise 73% of all dentists in Bulgaria, providing dental care to
when they are still able to live in the
as the caregiver’s characteristics and
dental schools and
Dental assisting programs enroll-
schools and institutions. Women dental administrators and faculty from around
Genes and
Jane Chalmers, BDSC, MS
White
5,059
4,234
8.5 million people.
community with support .1
involvement in oral hygiene care, behav-
community technical
ment has remained constant, while den-
the world served as section chairs and rapporteurs. Participants came from
(PhD submitted)
Black
187
693
colleges. In the United
tal laboratory technology has experi-
o Before the reforms, women dentists were usually given lower-prestige jobs and were paid less compared to
Periodontal Disease
Research Fellow, Dental School
Europe, North America, Asia, Australia, and Africa to network and develop pro-
A preventive oral care program must
ioral problems, and communication abil-
Hispanic
281
494
Adelaide University, Australia
States there are currently 258 dental
enced a steady decline in applications
men in the public health system. They also were not encouraged to maintain or raise their qualification levels.
fessional links for future collabo-
include an assessment of the patient’s
ities.1 Any specific behavioral and com-
jane.chalmers@adelaide.edu.au
Native American
37
52
assisting programs, 255 dental hygiene
and first-year enrollment since 1994. In
o Despite these challenges, for the first 5 years (1991-1996), more than 50% of the newly opened private prac-
Asian
259
201
Pamela Zarkowski, MPH, JD
ration. An interim meeting of the
In a paper to be published later this
and caregiver’s life characteristics, the
munication problems related to oral
programs, and 28 dental laboratory pro-
1998, these programs were only 48%
President, American Dental Education Association
Unknown
42
277
tices in Bulgaria were owned by women.
Global Congress may occur in
year, researchers at the University of
patient’s behavioral problems and com-
hygiene need to be discussed, including
Professor and Associate Dean for Academic Administration
grams, according to the American Dental
full. Both dental assisting and hygiene
(Source: ADA 1998/99 Survey of Allied Dental
Spring 2002 in Southeast Asia,
Queensland studying the progression of
o After the introduction of new regulations related to postgraduate studies, training, and qualifying examina-
Do Women Change the
University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry
refusing to open the mouth, forgetting to
Association’s Commission on Dental
graduation rates increased by 27% and
Education. Chicago, American Dental Association, 2000.)
with the final phase occurring in
periodontal disease have found that
zarkowp1@udmercy.edu
Profession or Does the
tions, women dentists in Bulgaria showed greater interest in improving their qualifications. They are successful
o Federation of Special Care Organizations
do oral hygiene care, biting the tooth-
Accreditation.
36%, respectively, from 1990 through
Washington, DC, in 2003.
genes count. Combine a particular geno-
in Dentistry and the Special Care Dentistry
Profession Change Women?
brush or caregiver, aggression, resistance,
Challenges facing allied dental edu-
1997, while dental laboratory technolo-
in obtaining specialty status.
Kathleen Morr, RDH, MS
type with risk factors, such as smoking,
journal—annual product guide (Nov/Dec,
and inappropriate times for oral hygiene
cation include addressing the dental
gy rates decreased by 36%.
Assistant Dean, School for Health Sciences
The transition from public service to entirely private practice lasted about 10 years. While in public service,
Over 100 years ago, Dr. Lucy
Director of Dental Hygiene
Vol 20(6), 2000) www.foscod.org
care.2 Strategies to assist dental profes-
community’s perception of a dental assis-
As policymakers consider future
women dentists still enjoyed some social assistance in raising their children; now they are self-employed and the
Hobbs Taylor was the first woman to
Pennsylvania College of Technology
A
and the presence of Porphyromonas gingi-
USTRALIAN WOMEN DENTISTS
valis in plaque, and the result is 70%-
o National Oral Health Information
tant/hygienist shortage and increasing
dental workforce needs, they should
sionals in providing care for patients
receive a dental degree from a United
kmorr@pct.edu
duty of covering their maternity is almost entirely their own. During the next 10 years, the mean age of
Clearinghouse
pressure for career tracks that do not
consider the effect of the declining ratio
States dental school. Before she was
women dentists will fall below 39. All of them will be self-insured and will need extra qualifications
MIRROR MIGRATION PATTERNS
80% more disease.1
with dementia include using a tooth-
www.nohic. nidcr.nih. gov
Smoking ages you by 36 years!
brush bent backwards at 45 degrees to
allowed to study and receive her
to reenter the profession. Equal opportunities for women dentists
o International Association for Disability
he number of women in
1970’s refugee immigration. These
Smokers have worse periodontal
degree she was an apprentice, practic-
BRAZIL
São Paulo State, the
and Oral Health www.iadh.org
break perioral muscle spasms, and using
will soon be the main issues in the dental profession.
their final years at the Uni-
trends continued in the 1980s and
disease than nonsmokers, and their
ing alone for many years. She was
largest state in Brazil, has the
Educational Trends for the Dental Hygiene Profession in Europe
o British Society for Disability and Oral
the bridging technique during oral
versity of Sydney mirrors
1990s. With the impact of immigra-
known as the “woman who pulled
fourth largest city in the world,
Health www.bsdh.org.uk
hygiene care and dental treatment, in
teeth.” She lectured at her state dental
Thinking About a Research Project
T
response to periodontal treatment is not
Australian post-World
tion, multiculturalism has emerged in
as good. Smoking interferes with the nat-
São Paulo, with a population of
War II migration patterns. I uncov-
visible terms in the postwar period.
meeting and was a delegate to the
ural healing process that occurs between
he dental hygiene profession was founded in dental hygiene profession in
ADA national convention.
If you are thinking about beginning a research project,
almost 18 million people. It is here
ered this pattern in my recently con-
Immigrants from countries where
bouts of disease progression. If we don’t
the United States in 1906 and is now a high- Austria, such as lack of informa-
Do more numbers guarantee that
consider these points to maximize your likelihood of success:
that most of Brazil’s dentists are
cluded PhD research.
women have had a strong presence in
smoke, the balance is in favor of healing
Who Are We?
T
women will be fully involved in the
ly regarded field in more than 25 countries. tion about the prevention and
concentrated. Of over 154,000
For example, in the 1950s
professions, especially medicine and
until we reach our mid-80s; if we do
e are specialists in oral medicine. We can evaluate and treat conditions
profession, or will it be another 100
o You need a good idea or question for your research. You should
In most European countries dental hygiene is a para- treatment of periodontal disease,
women students came from war-torn
dentistry, transport these cultural val-
dentists in Brazil, over 50,000 are
smoke, that balance only lasts to about
of the mouth that are difficult to diagnose. We are on the faculty of
years before real change occurs? What
feel the question is important, and answering the question
Eastern Europe, while in the 1960s
ues to Australia, whereas the presence
medical profession, generally studied at institutions inadequate professional preventive
in São Paulo State. Of these,
age 50. This translates to smokers having
Wdental schools and large medical centers. We can train students to do a can women in the United States and
should be part of your career path.
and 1970s women came from south-
of women from Anglo origins is related
of higher education. The course of this education services, and lack of access to the
27,439 are women and 26,435 are
a healing capacity only 28% of that of a
thorough physical examination and review of the patient's medical history before
around the globe learn from each
ern European, Dutch, and German
to economic and political factors such
o Ensure that you have the skills to perform the research. If you are
men. More than 60% of dentists
nonsmoker of the same age and gender.2
the patient is assigned to a level of care within the school. Most of the patients we
other? Supporting each other should
spans 3 to 4 years and requires a diploma for universi- qualification for a highly sought-after
backgrounds. In the late 1980s and
as wars, high male employment, and
see have complicated medical histories, with symptoms of xerostomia, burning
empower networks to better the pro-
working in a new area, be sure to ask for the necessary training or collabo-
younger than 30 years of age are
ty entry. The curriculum aims at qualifying students profession. It is thus recommended that this
1990s, women in dentistry reflected
women’s movements.
References
1. Faddy MJ, Cullinan MP, Palmer JE, et al: Anti-
mouth, or unusual pain. The management of oral soft tissue lesions, infectious dis-
fession, continue effective patient care,
ration. Remember—clinical research is not identical to clinical care.
women, but of those over 50 years
the multicultural diversity of
The immigration factor has played a
for clinical, teaching, administrative, and scientific profession not only be legally recognized, but that
dependence modeling in a longitudinal study of
eases of the mouth, and oral manifestations of systemic diseases are appropriate
and live creative, healthy lives.
of age, only 4,885 are women com-
Australia’s population. Increased num-
strong role in transforming the
periodontal disease: the effect of age, gender, and
referrals to us. We may actually perform the treatment and immediate follow-up.
tasks. The education is financed mostly through the the study curricula, when implemented, exhibit a
o Plan your research protocol before you begin. This should include the number
www.ada.org
pared with 19,586 men. The
bers of women from second-genera-
Australian dental profession from a
smoking status. J Periodontol 71(3):454-459, 2000.
The project ahead is establishing information for referring
of patients to be studied and an analysis plan.
www.fdi.org.uk
ministries of education. Professional prophylactic quality that will result in a reciprocal recognition of
interest of women in the dental
tion southern European stock com-
homogeneous, masculine culture to a
2. Cullinan MP, Westerman B, Hamlet SM, et al: A
longitudinal study of interleukin-1 gene polymor-
dentists on the Web. Through online education
www.womendentists.org
treatments are financed by the state in most cases for diplomas in the European Union.
bined with first-generation Indo-
more heterogeneous one.
o Give thought as to how the ultimate results
profession is growing and most
phisms and periodontal disease in a general adult
(www.nova.edu)
womencentral.msn.com
we can discuss a typical referral so that
children and youth only.
Marjorie Jeffcoat, DMD
Chinese women. The strong presence
To date, there has not been an
population. J Clin Periodontol, 2001. In press.
may impact on oral health or patient care.
graduating classes now show at
general dentists and physicians
Wendy S. Hupp, DMD
Kathryn A. Kell, DDS, MHCA
Rosen Professor and Chair
from Indo-China arose from the mid-
indigenous woman dentist graduated
In Austria (as well as in France, Belgium, and
Claudia Luciak-Donsberger, RDH, PhD
University of Alabama at Birmingham School
least a 3:1 ratio of women to men.
Mary P. Cullinan, BDS, MSc
Assistant Professor
learn the benefits of oral medi-
General Practitioner
University of Vienna, School of Dentistry
from the University of Sydney.
ADA Delegate to FDI
of Dentistry
www.nih.gov
Zephie Comino-Cerny, BDS, PhD
Senior Clinical Research Officer
Department of Oral Medicine
cine specialists. Consultation
Germany) this profession is largely unknown.
Department of Periodontology
Vice-Chairman of the FDI Congress and
Immediate Past President
www.fda.gov
University of Sydney Dental School
Erica Migliorati, DDS
Australian aborigines did not have easy
School of Dentistry
Nova Southeastern University
Vienna, Austria
Education Committee
Numerous adverse consequences in health and voca-
International Association for Dental Research
www.dentalresearch.org
São Paulo, Brazil
Australia
College of Dental Medicine
services are there; it is our goal to
access to tertiary education during the
University of Queensland, Australia
donsberger@paro-wien.at
whupp@nova.edu
rudkell@msn.com
marjorie—jeffcoat@cs1.dental.uab.edu
www.ada.org
ericamigli@uol.com.br
zephie@ozemail.com.au
m.cullinan@mailbox.uq.edu.au
make you aware of who we are!
tional politics result from the failure to implement the
20th century.