Biodiesel Production
BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
The production of biodiesel, or alkyl esters, is well known. There are three basic
routes to ester production from oils and fats:
∗ Base catalyzed
Process Input Levels
=
Process Output Levels
transesterification of the oil with
alcohol.
∗ Direct acid catalyzed
esterification of the oil with
Alcohol
methanol.
4%
Alcohol 12%
Fertilizer1%
∗ Conversion of the oil to fatty
Catalyst1%
Glycerine 9%
Oil
Methyl Ester
87%
86%
acids, and then to Alkyl esters
with acid catalysis.
Nothing is wasted
The majority of the alkyl esters produced today are done with the base
catalyzed reaction because it is the most economic for several reasons:
∗ Low temperature (150 F) and pressure (20 psi) processing.
∗ High conversion (98%) with minimal side reactions and reaction time.
∗ Direct conversion to methyl ester with no intermediate steps.
∗ Exotic materials of construction are not necessary.
The general process is depicted below. A fat or oil is reacted with an alcohol,
like methanol, in the presence of a catalyst to produce glycerine and methyl
esters or biodiesel. The methanol is charged in excess to assist in quick
conversion and recovered for reuse. The catalyst is usually sodium or potassium
hydroxide which has already been mixed with the methanol.
Alcohol
Alcohol
Recovery
ò
Biodiesel
~
Reactor
Settler
Washing
Purification
Evaporation
ò
ò
Vegetable
~
~
~
Oil
Glycerine
Catalyst
Mineral
Neutralization
Settler
Evaporation
ò
Acid
Distillation
Fatty Acids
