B.sc. Second Year New Syllabus 2009
S.R.T.M.U. Nanded
B.Sc. Second Year New Syllabus -2009
Sub : Zoology
GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
Periods: 80
Paper IV
Marks: 100
Unit – I
I)
MENDELISM
6
i)
Mendel’s Laws of inheritance
ii)
Monohybrid, dihybrid cross and ratio.
iii)
Incomplete Dominance.
iv)
Back cross and Test cross.
II)
INTERACTION OF GENES
6
i)
Complementary factor (9:7)
ii)
Inhibitory factor (13:3)
iii)
Duplicate genes (15:1)
iv)
Supplementary factor (9:3:4)
v)
Lethal genes (1:2:1)
III)
MULTIPLE ALLELES AND GENES
5
i)
Inheritance of ABO Blood groups in Man.
ii)
Rh factor and Erythroblastosis foetalis in Man.
iii)
Multiple genes-Skin pigmentation in Man.
IV)
LINKAGE AND CROSSINGOVER
5
i)
Linkage –Types, theories and significance
ii)
Crossing over-
Mechanism of crossing over,
Factors affecting crossing over,
Significance of crossing over.
Unit – II
I)
SEX DETERMINATION AND SEX LINKED INHERITANCE
A) Sex determination
6
i)
Autosomes and allosomes (sex chromosomes)
ii)
Chromosomal methods of sex determination – XO, XY (Man and
Drosophila), ZZ,ZW.
iii)
Bridge’s ratio theory of Genic Balance.
B) Sex linked inheritance
i)
Sex linked inheritance in Drosophila.
ii)
Sex linked inheritance in man – Colourblindness, Haemophilia,
Hypertrichosis and Baldness.
II)
MUTATION
6
i)
Somatic mutation, germinal mutation, autosomal mutation,
chromosomal mutation.
ii)
Chromosomal mutations – structural alternations.
iii)
Numerical alteration-polyploidy.
iv)
Gene mutations – sickle cell anaemea.
v)
Induced mutations w.r.t. ClB in Drosophila and mutagenic agents.
III)
HUMAN GENETICS
6
i)
Syndromes – Turner’s, Klinefelter’s, Down’s and Cat – Cry.
ii)
In Born errors of metabolism –Phenylketonuria (PKU),
Alkaptonuria, and Albinism.
iii)
Human pedigree analysis with symbols used.
IV)
NATURE AND FUNCTIONS OF GENETIC MATERIALS.
6
i)
DNA – structure, functions and replications.
ii)
RNA – structure, types and functions.
iii)
Protein synthesis.
iv)
Genetic code.
Unit – III
GENETIC ENGINEERING
14
i)
Eugenics.
ii)
Recombinant DNA technology (Principles, methods and tools)
iii)
Cloning techniques, cloning vectors and applications of cloning
technologies.
iv)
Transgenesis and transgenic animals.
v)
Human genome and Human genome project (in brief)
vi)
DNA fingerprinting.
vii)
Blotting techniques-Southern, Northern and Western Blotting and
uses.
Unit – IV
EVOLUTION
20
i)
Theories of origin of life.
ii)
Theories of organic evolution, Lamark’s, Darwin’s and De Vrie’s
iii)
Evidences of organic evolution
1) Anatomical 2) Paleontological 3) Embryological.
iv)
Adaptations – Curssorial, Aquatic, Terrestrial, Fossorial and Volant.
v)
Hardy – Weinberg’s law.
vi)
Evolution of man.
REFERENCES BOOKS:
i)
Genetics – P.K. Gupta (Rastogi pub. Meerut)
ii)
Genetics – Verma P.S. and Agarwal V.K. (S. Chand pub. Delhi.)
iii)
Cytology, Genetics and Evolution – P.K. Gupta (Rastogi Pub. Delhi).
iv)
Elementary Genetics – Singletone.
v)
Genetics – Winchester (Oxford LBH Pub.)
vi)
Genetics and Evolution – A.P. Jha (Macmillon India)
vii)
Concepts of genetics – W.S. Clug (Pearson Education ISBN)
viii) Genentics – Strickberger (Prentice - Hall)
ix)
Principles of genetics – R.H.Tamarin (Tata Mc Graw Hill Pub. India.)
x)
Concepts of Genetics - R. L. Kotpal (Rastogi Pub.)
xi)
Genetics and Genetic Engineering – Dr. R.P. Meyyan (Saras Pub.)
xii)
Foundations of Genetics – Pai A.C. (Mc Graw Hill Pub.)
xiii) Molecular Genetics – Gunther, S. Stent. (Macmillon)
xiv) Principles of Genetics – Sinnott, Dunn and Dobzansky (Tata McGraw Hill
Pub. Delhi).
xv)
Genetics – Sarin C. (Tata McGraw Hill Pub. Delhi)
xvi) Organic Evolution – M.P. Arora (Himalaya Pub. House)
xvii) Evolution – M.W. Strickberger (CB Publishers)
xviii) Organic Evolution – N. Armugam (Saras Pub.)
xix) Principles of Gene Manipulaton and Introduction to Genetic Engineering –
R.W. Old and S.B. Primerose.
xx)
Text Book of Genetics – H.S. Bhamrah (Amol Pub. New Delhi.)
xxi) Genetics – M.P. Arora (Himalaya).
xxii) Genetics and Evolution – N.Armugam (Saras Pub.)
xxiii) Genetics – Veer Bala (Rastogi Pub.)
xxiv) Evolution – Moody.
xxv) Evolution – Gopalkrishnan.
xxvi) Cytology and Genetics – Dyansagar V.R. (Tata McGraw Hill Pub. 1992
Reprint)
xxvii) Organic evolution – Harjendra Singh and C.M. Chaturvedi (Amul Pub.)
B.Sc. Second Year
Zoology Paper IV & V Theory
Pattern of Questions Paper
Time: 3 Hours
Marks: 100
Q.1. Multiple choice questions
10
(Minimum two from each unit).
Q.2. Long answer questions from unit – I
20
OR
Write notes on :
a) Based on Unit – I
b) Based on Unit – I
Q.3. Long answer questions from unit – II.
20
OR
Write notes on:
a) Based on Unit – II
b) Based on Unit – II
Q.4. Long answer question from unit – III.
20
OR
Write notes on :
a) Based on Unit – III
b) Based on Unit – III
Q.5. Long answer question from unit – IV.
20
OR
Write notes on :
a) Based on Unit – IV
b) Based on Unit – IV
Q.6. Write shot notes on any two of the following.
10
a)
Based on Unit – I
b)
Based on Unit – II
c)
Based on Unit – III
d)
Based on Unit – IV
B.Sc. Second Year
Zoology Practical Paper VI
Genetics and Evolution
Syllabus
Practical : 28
1)
Problems based on monohybrid and dihybrid cross
(Explain with the help of plastic beads)
02
2)
Problems on modification in ratio due to interaction of genes –
Complementary factors, Supplementary factors, Inhibitory factors,
Duplicate genes (Explain with the help of plastic beads).
04
3)
Problems on blood group inheritance in man
02
4)
Problems based on sex-liked inheritance .
01
5)
Culture of Drosophila and observation of genetic characters in
Drosophila (eye & wings)
02
6)
Preparation of temporary slides of salivary gland chromosomes from
Chironomous larva
02
7)
Study of slide of sickle cell anemia.
01
8)
Study of chromosomes abnormalities in man Down’s syndrome,
Klinfelter, Syndrome, Turner, Syndrome with the help of Photograph/
Charts/ Karyotype.
02
9)
Human pedigree analysis – various symbols used and problems.
01
10) Study of blotting techniques for the separation of DNA and mRNA 02
11) Study of human genetic traits and application of Hardy- Weinberg principle –
Baldness, length of index and ring finger, attached and free ear lobes, rolling
tongue.
04
Calculation of frequencies of recessive and dominant genes in a population.
Calculation of Hetrozygotes and Homozygotes in a population.
12) Study of Evidences.
02
i)
Analogous and Homologous organs.
ii)
Connecting links (Peripatus, Archropteryx, Limulus)
iii)
Embryological evidences
13) Study of Adaptation
03
i) Aquatic ii) Terrestrial iii) Aerial / Volant iv) Curssorial v) Desert
B.Sc. Second Year
Zoology Paper VI Practical
(Genetics and Evolution)
Pattern of Questions Paper
Time: 4 Hours
Marks: 100
Q.1. Solve one problem from monohybrid cross and one problem from
dihybrid cross.
10
Q.2. Solve one problem based on blood group inheritance.
10
OR
Solve one problem based on sex linked inheritance.
Q.3. Solve any two problems on Interaction of genes. (Complementary,
Supplementary, Inhibitory factors, Duplicate genes).
20
Q.4. Identification of human syndrome (any two)
10
OR
Preparation of temporary mount of salivary gland chromosomes of
chironomous larvae.
OR
Observation of genetic characters of Drosophila
Q.5. Identify and Comments on as per the instruction
10
a)
Humans pedigree analysis (Any five symbols)
b)
Sickle cell anemia – slide/ photograph/charts.
OR
Problems based on Hardy – Weinberg Principle for the calculation of
--------------------------------------------------
Q.6. Identify and Comments on as per the instruction
20
a)
Adaptations (Any two) Aquatic, Terrestrial, Aerial/Volant,
Curssorial, Desert.
b)
Evidences (Any two) Analogous and Homologous organs,
Connecting links, Embryological evidences.
Q.7. Submission of Record Book
10
Q.8. Viva – voce and Excursion Report
10
S.R.T.M.U.Nanded
B.Sc. Second year New Syllabus-2009
Sub: Zoology
(Physiology, Biochemistry, Anatomy and Histology)
Paper V
Marks: 100
Periods: 80
UNIT-I
1)
Introduction And Branches of Physiology
2)
Enzymes
i)
Nature and classification of Enzymes.
ii)
Mechanism of Enzyme action.
iii)
Factors affecting on enzyme activity.
3)
Nutrition:
i)
Physiology of Proteins, Carbohydrates and lipids digestion and
absorption of digested food
ii) Vitamins- Fat soluble and water soluble vitamins, sources, deficiency
diseases and
effects of fat soluble and water soluble vitamins
4) Respiration:
iii)
Types of Respiration (Aquatic and Aerial)
iv)
Respiratory organs in Man.
v)
Mechanism of Respiration and transport of O2 and CO2.
vi)
Smoking and its physiological effects.
UNIT-II
5) Circulation:
i. Composition and Functions of Blood
ii. E.C.G. and Blood Pressure.
iii. Blood clotting – Intrinsic and Extrinsic factors.
6) Excretion:
i. Structure of Uriniferous tubules.
ii. Physiology of urine formation.
iii. Composition of Urine
7) Nerve and Muscle Physiology:
i. Types of Neurons.
ii. Structure of Synapse.
iii. Conduction of Nerve impulse.
iv. Types of Muscles- Skeletal muscles, Cardiac Muscles, Smooth Muscles.
v. Ultra structure of skeletal muscle.
vi. Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.
8) Endocrinology and Reproduction:
i. Pituitary,
ii. Thyroid,
iii. Islets of Langerhans
iv. Male and female sex hormones.
v. Menstrual cycle.
UNIT-III (Biochemistry)
1) Carbohydrate Metabolism:
i)
Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis and Gluconeogenesis
ii)
Glycolysis
iii)
Krebs’s cycle
2) Lipid Metabolism:
i)
B- Oxidation
ii)
Ketosis, Ketogenesis and Ketolysis.
3) Protein Metabolism:
i)
Deamination and Transamination.
ii)
Ornithine Cycle.
UNIT-IV (Anatomy and Histology)
1) Comparative Anatomy of Integument:
i) Fish, Amphibia, Reptiles, Aves and Mammals.
2) Comparative anatomy of Heart and Aortic arches in Vertebrates
3) Histology of Mammalian organs and tissues:
i) Stomach, Intestine, Pancreas, Liver, Kidney, Testes, Ovary and Thyroid
gland, Pituitary gland and Adrenal gland
B.Sc. II (Zoology)
Paper VII (Practical)
Marks: 100
Periods: 28
1) Qualitative detection of digestive enzymes (Protease, Amylase and Lipase) in
Cockroach/ Crab
2) Study of detection of human salivary amylase.
3) Estimation of Oxygen consumption in fish / Crab or any other suitable aquatic
animal
4) R.B.C. Counting.
5) W.B.C. Counting.
6) Estimation of Haemoglobin.
7) Detection of Blood groups.
8) Qualitative detection of Nitrogenous waste products (Ammonia, Urea, Uric
acid) in
Birds excreta and urine of Mammals.
9) Preparation of Haematin crystals.
10) Temporary preparation of squamous epithelium, ciliated epithelium, skeletal
muscle fiber and Blood smear.
11) Study of Histological structure of following organs- Stomach, intestine,
pancreas, liver, kidney, testis, ovary, thyroid and pituitary
12) Structure of synapse, structure of neurons (slide / chart)
13) Types of nerves- Unipolar, Bipolar, multipolar.( slides)
14) Location of endocrine glands through dissection, charts or models.
15) Preparation of histological permanent slides by the process of block
preparation, section cutting and staining.
16) Compulsory educational excursion tour to visit various zoological important
centers.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
(Physiology)
1) Eckert R. Animal Physiology (W.H. Freeman)
2) A textbook of Animal Physiology- K.A. Goel and K.v. Shastri (Rastogi Pub.)
3) A textbook of Practical Physiology- V.G.Ranade (P.V.G. Prakashan Pune.)
4) Animal Physiology- A Maria Kyttikan and N.Armugam (Saras Pub.)
5) Biochemistry- Arumugam et.al. (Saras Pub.)
6) Clinical Pathology and Haematology.- Nanda Baheti(Kanhaiya Pub.)
7) Comparative Animal Physiology C. Ladd Prosser.
8) Experimental Physiology – S.C.Rastogi (Wiley Eastern Ltd. London)
9) Human Physiology Vander A.J., Sherman J.H. and Luciano D.S. ( McGraw Hill
London)
10) Medical laboratory Techniques- Ramni sood, Jaypee Brothers medical Pub. Pvt.
Ltd. New Delhi.
11) Principles of Anatomy and Physiology – Tortora G.H. and Grabowasky S.R.
(Harper Collins college Pub.)
12) Text Book Of animal Physiology- A.K. Berry (Emkay Pub. Delhi)
13) Principles of Animal Physiology – Wood D.W.
14) Physiology- Guyton and Hall
(Histology)
1) Bailey’s Text Book of Histology – Williams and Wilkins Baltmore and
scientific Book Agency, Culcutta Copenhaver W.M.
2) Text Book of Histology – Bloom W. and Fawcett D.W.
3) Histology of mammals- Athavale M.V. and Latey A.N.
4) Histology- Greep R.O. and Well L.
5) Histology- Lippinocott,Han A.W.
6) Human Histology –Leslie Brainerd Arey (Khosla Pub. House, Delhi)
(Anatomy)
1) Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates – Kent C.G.
2) Outlines of comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates- Kingsley C.G. (central Book
Depot Allahabad)
3) An Introduction of Vertebrates Anatomy- Messers H.M.
4) Comparative Anatomy – Montagna W., John Wiley and Sons Inc.
(Biochemistry)
1) Tools of Biochemistry – T.G.Cooper.
2) Biochemistry –C.B.Powar (Himalaya Pub.)
3) Outline of Biochemistry – Conn. E.E. and Stumpf P.V.
4) Biochemistry –Leninger A.L.
5) Biochemistry –Das.
6) Text Book of Biochemistry- Rao K.R.
7) Text Book of Biochemistry West E.S.,Todd W.R., Mason H.S. and Van
Bruggen J.T.
B.Sc. II ( Zoology)
Paper VII (Practical)
(Physiology, Biochemistry, Anatomy and Histology)
Pattern of Question paper
Time: 4 Hours
Marks: 100
1) Qualitative detection of digestive enzymes (Protease, amylase and lipase) In
Cockroach/ Crab
15
Or
Detection of Human Salivary amylase.
2) Estimation of O2 consumption in fish/crab/ or any suitable 15
aquatic animal
Or
Detect any two nitrogenous waste products from given sample provide and
report the test, observation and result.
3) Estimate the haemoglobin percentage in a given sample of blood 10
or
Measurement of Blood Pressure in man.
4) Counting of R.B.C./W.B.C. in blood sample provided
10
Or
Prepare Haematin crystals from Blood sample provided.
Or
Detection of Blood groups from given sample.
5) Dissect Rat/Frog/Fish so as to expose any two endocrine glands . 10
Or
Identify any two endocrine glands in charts/ model provided.
Or
Stain & Identify given Histological tissue ribbon (Mammalian)
6) Identify and describe the four Histological slides 20
7) Submission of any five slides & Excursion Report 10
8) Viva-voce and Record Book 10
SWAMI RAMANAND TEERTH MARATHWADA UNIVERSITY,
NANDED
B.Sc. Zoology Second Year
New Syllabus
w.e.f. June 2009
